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Known for its beautiful parks, excellent schools, and vibrant community, Elk Grove is a wonderful place to find and raise your new Boxer companion. Our goal is to connect you with the most exceptional Boxer breeders and puppies for sale in the region, ensuring you find the perfect furry friend for your family. Discover the dynamic dog-friendly scene in Elk Grove, featuring inviting restaurants, spacious dog parks, and engaging dog shows. Enjoy quality time with your pup at popular dog parks such as Elk Grove Dog Park or Bartholomew Park, perfect for a scenic walk. For those passionate about dog shows, events like the Sacramento Kennel Club Dog Show provide an opportunity to appreciate the elegance and charm of Boxer canines while connecting with fellow enthusiasts. At TrustedPuppies. Most of our reputable Boxer breeders provide safe and affordable flight delivery, complete with a dedicated flight nanny who accompanies your new pup throughout their journey, ensuring their safety and comfort as they travel to their new home in Elk Grove. Many breeders also offer affordable vehicle delivery, utilizing specialized pet delivery services. This option allows your Boxer puppy to be transported directly to your door by a professional who understands the unique requirements of pet transportation. Begin your search for the perfect Boxer puppy on TrustedPuppies. Their short noses and short coats make them unsuited to living outdoors, although they'll enjoy having a fenced yard to play in. He is about 1 and just an overall happy guy. They are on a deworming schedule and up to date on vaccines. Our boxer puppies for sale have a beautiful temperament and disposition and are from European bloodlines plus we have had this particular bloodline for over 10 years. Rehomeing Boxer Mix Pups .Puppies for Sale. Boxers for Sale in Chattanooga. All puppies found here are from AKC-Registered parents. The right Boxer is worth waiting for. She is a 3-year-old Boxer mixed dog. Find Boxer puppies for sale. Their tails are docked and dew claws are removed. Other than once a year, none of our females are bred. North Carolina Boxer Classifieds Hoobly. Healthy, beautiful and really lovely. Please call or text with any questions show contact info do NOT contact me with unsolicited services or offers post id: posted: 4 days ago. Find Boxer puppies for sale Despite their light and fun-loving nature, the Boxer is a hardworking, versatile, and vigilant breed that is incredibly loyal to their family. She loved her home and her mom loved her. Purebred Boxer Puppies. Akc fawn litter of boxer puppies ready to go. Boxer dogs are the sixth most popular breed in the United States. They will be able to go to there forever home in June! I have 6 females and 4 males available! Rehoming fee. Boxer puppies 8weeks old. He loves playing and loves noisy t more. Boxer puppies for sale in South Carolina from trusted breeders. AKC Boxer puppies born on August th and will be ready to go to there new homes on October th at weeks of age. Boxer puppies ready to go home. You should expect to pay a premium for a Boxer puppy with breeding rights or even Boxers for sale advertised as show quality with papers. Boxers for Sale in Houston. Tail docked and dewclaw removal first round of. They will be ready to take home May 30th with first shots, dewormed, and all Tails and dewclaws done. To keep their muscles toned and satisfy their need for exercise, plan on playing with them or walking them at least twice a day for half an hour. Showing 1 - 19 of 24, results. The boxer was originally bred from the English Bulldog and the now extinct Bullenbeisser. Find for sale for sale in Atlanta, GA. That said, they still retain their high energy levels and need plenty of exercise. Please call or text with any questions show contact info. We offer beautiful European Boxer puppies from health-tested parents. I have available puppies boys and girls. She has had a home since she was a few months old. Pets Available "boxer" in Atlanta, GA. She apparently has been hit alot and im sure she was dumped because… more. We screen every breeder to make sure they prioritize the health and welfare of their dogs — so you can feel confident and safe working with them. They will have a Florida health Certificate. SC Find Boxer puppies for sale Near South Carolina Despite their light and fun-loving nature, the Boxer is a hardworking, versatile, and vigilant breed that is incredibly loyal to. For Sale "boxer puppies" in Atlanta, GA. Craigslist helps you find the goods and services you need in your community. Any questions please call or text. Boxers were first introduced at a dog show in Munich, Germany in .Search hundreds of Boxer puppy listings from Good. Find Puppies and Breeders in your area and helpful information. Join millions of people using Oodle to find puppies for adoption, dog and puppy listings, and other pets adoption. This little female showed up on Easter, she is very very sweet and playful but very head shy submissive to the point of a belly crawl or rolls on her back. Open now : AM - PM. This is Reece! Boxer Puppy for sale near me. SC Find Boxer puppies for sale Near South Carolina Despite their light and fun-loving nature, the Boxer is a hardworking, versatile, and vigilant breed that is incredibly loyal to their family. Boxers for Sale in Eugene, OR. Despite their light and fun-loving nature, the Boxer is a hardworking, versatile, and vigilant breed that is incredibly loyal to their family. Please call or text with any questions show contact info do NOT contact me with unsolicited services or offers post id: .Silly, playful, affectionate, happy, and Fun all describe this special Boxer girl that is ready for a loving home! Good Dog helps you find the Boxer puppy of your dreams by making it easy to discover Boxer puppies for sale near you. About The Boxer Breed: Boxer dogs were originally bred to be medium-size guard dogs. This litter has at least one dog. Boxer puppy love to play. Meet Buddy!! This guy wants to be your best friend! He loves his people and plays great with other dogs. Boxer puppies for sale from trusted breeders. Find trustworthy, reputable breeders. However Reece is exhibiting some resource guarding issues which can be easily corrected through training. Vet checked and they come with a health guarantee. Boxer puppies for sale near me are housedogs. Tags: AKC boxer puppy boxer puppy near me flashy fawn male fawn. 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It also contains salmon meal, which is a high-quality variety of fish meal. Like other Wellness offerings, this food is made in the USA without artificial preservatives or meat by-products. He loves it and I like the fact it is vet recommended and has both pre and probiotics. It contains all the essential vitamins and minerals your dog needs: vitamins B6, B12, and D3, to name a few. Our only complaint is that the first ingredient is chicken by-product meal. Our first pick would be a real meat of higher quality. However, the nutrients and substantial protein level make this a great food for a growing Bernedoodle puppy. Royal Canin does studies and tests to make sure their food supplies all the nutrition needed. The first ingredient in this Purina food is real lamb. There are plenty of nutrients here, including DHA, vitamins, and live probiotics for gut health. It even has a small amount of garlic oil which helps lower cholesterol and prevent blood clots. I am very happy with it. Real chicken is the first ingredient in this one. The amount of fat, carbs, calcium and phosphorous has been carefully planned by nutritional experts, so you can feel confident knowing your dog is getting just the right amount of nutrients for his size and age. We also love to see sufficient levels of DHA here that will help your pup with brain development. I was only interested in a small bag and found exactly what I needed. Fair price and rapid delivery! One huge benefit of this Solid Gold formula is the number of superfoods packed into it: veggies like broccoli and carrots, and fruits such as blueberries and cranberries. It even has pumpkin and kelp! This is sure to deliver the vitamins and antioxidants your little Bernedoodle is craving. If your dog is prone to food allergies, you might be in luck here. No wheat, corn or soy are used in this food. Very happy we switched to this. The list goes on from there, including eggs, chicken liver, and herring. Like other Orijen formulas, this kibble is freeze-dried coated for extra flavor. The ingredients are so good, your little pup should dive right into this one. He is healthy, has tons of energy, a beautiful coat and no digestive issues. Check with your veterinarian if you have concerns about food restrictions. Salmon is the first ingredient. In fact, this product contains no beef or chicken, so it will also work well for pups who have allergies to those ingredients. The omega fatty acids should also help maintain a shiny coat. She has a soft and shiny coat! She loves it! Check the feeding instructions on the package for more detailed information. How long should a Bernedoodle eat puppy food? You should feed your Bernedoodle puppy food until he is no longer growing. This will typically occur between 6 and 18 months. After you have confirmed with your veterinarian that your Bernedoodle has reached full size, you can switch to an adult kibble formula. What are Bernedoodles allergic to? Like many breeds, bernedoodles are prone to food allergies. Your puppy may be allergic to beef, chicken, wheat, dairy, eggs, or other ingredients. Whenever you switch to a new food, you should monitor his behavior and appearance and take note of any allergic reaction. Check with your vet if you have any questions. Conclusion We know you want the absolute best food for your precious Bernedoodle puppy! Now is the best time to consider his nutritional needs since he is still growing and needs plenty of protein, vitamins and minerals. For now, we hope this article helps you select a great dog food for your pup. Post navigation. It even seems to go down a treat with fussy pups who otherwise turn their nose up at kibble. Pet parents comment that the ingredients are high quality, and one even goes as far as to say the food almost smells good enough for people to eat! Pros Given that this food is specifically formulated with puppies in mind, it has everything a growing dog needs to keep them happy and healthy. Cons Two concerns mentioned by reviewers are the price — which some say is a little high although many say the food is worth it and the fact that the bag is not resealable. You might have to transfer this food to another container to keep it fresh. It can also be the most expensive if you prepare food each day rather than in batches to freeze. Now filler ingredients are the number one enemy of pet owners looking to grab their dog some tasty, healthy nosh at a reasonable price. Many companies make use of such ingredients because they are cheap, easy, and sadly there are no rules against using them — yet. Look for foods that list the fillers low on the list so that you know your dog is not getting an unhealthy amount of fillers. The Long Debate Bernedoodle Feeding Guide A feeding schedule is essential to ensure your pup receives the right amount of food at the right time of day. Under four months, you can let your puppy graze. However, after this age, their mealtimes need to be a little more regulated to stop them from putting on too much weight too quickly. Smaller Bernies should be fed little and often, whereas larger ones should be given four small meals a day. At six months, your dog can switch over to an adult feeding schedule and formula. Mealtimes should be reduced to either twice or three times daily, and this routine will remain in place for their adult lives unless there are any changes in their health. Bernies are, generally speaking, happy, healthy hounds. For this reason, any high-quality, nutritionally balanced dog food, prepared for their size and life stage, should do the trick. All of the foods on our list come highly recommended by pet owners and are well suited to a Bernies needs. Is chicken bad for Bernedoodles? While some dogs may be sensitive to chicken and chicken by-products, this is an occasional rather than frequent allergy. However, it can develop later in life. If you are feeding your pup food with chicken as the main ingredient, keep an eye out for any signs of sensitivity, such as changes in bowel movements or itchy skin. Are Bernedoodles picky eaters? Bernedoodles are generally not picky eaters; in fact, quite the reverse. Bernedoodles are fun, fab, lively hounds, and they make excellent pets. However, as is the case with any pet, we need to take care of them to the very best of our ability. A major part of this is giving them food that will keep them happy, healthy, and just as full of life as they naturally are. It is not intended to be a substitute for qualified professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your veterinarian or other qualified animal health provider with any questions you may have. You Might Also Like. Bernedoodles require a well-balanced diet that is high in protein and low in grains and fillers. Look for dog food brands that use high-quality ingredients, such as meat as the first ingredient and no artificial preservatives or fillers. Understanding Bernedoodles Bernedoodles come in different sizes, including toy, mini, and standard, and can weigh anywhere from 10 to 90 pounds. These dogs have a thick, curly coat that requires regular grooming to prevent matting and tangling. Bernedoodles are also prone to certain health issues, including hip dysplasia, eye problems, and skin allergies. Therefore, it is essential to provide them with a balanced and nutritious diet to maintain their health and well-being. When it comes to feeding Bernedoodles, it is crucial to consider their size, age, and activity level. Toy and mini Bernedoodles require smaller portions of food than standard Bernedoodles. Additionally, puppies and young dogs need more calories and nutrients to support their growth and development. It is recommended to feed Bernedoodles high-quality dog food that contains real meat, whole grains, and vegetables. Avoid dog food that contains artificial preservatives, fillers, and by-products. It is also essential to provide your Bernedoodle with fresh water at all times and to monitor their weight to prevent obesity. Nutritional Needs of Bernedoodles The nutritional needs of Bernedoodles vary depending on their age, size, and activity level. However, there are some general guidelines that can help you ensure that your furry friend gets the right nutrients in the right amounts. Protein Protein is an essential nutrient for Bernedoodles as it helps to build and repair muscles, tissues, and organs. Fat Fat is another crucial nutrient for Bernedoodles as it provides energy and helps to maintain healthy skin and coat. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are a good source of energy for Bernedoodles, but they should not be the primary source of nutrition. A well-balanced diet for Bernedoodles should contain complex carbohydrates such as brown rice, sweet potatoes, and whole grains. Vitamins and Minerals Bernedoodles require vitamins and minerals to maintain their overall health and well-being. A well-balanced diet should contain essential vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E, as well as minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and zinc. Water Water is an essential nutrient for Bernedoodles as it helps to regulate body temperature, transport nutrients, and remove waste from the body. It is important to ensure that your furry friend has access to clean and fresh water at all times. American Journey American Journey is a popular dog food brand that offers high-quality dog food formulas for different dog breeds, including Bernedoodles. Their dog food formula contains real lamb as the first ingredient, omega fatty acids, and antioxidant-rich wholesome vegetables, making it an excellent choice for Bernedoodles. Rachael Ray Nutrish Rachael Ray Nutrish is another top dog food brand that offers a variety of dog food formulas that are suitable for Bernedoodles. Blue Buffalo Blue Buffalo is a well-known dog food brand that offers a wide range of dog food formulas that are specially formulated for different dog breeds and sizes. Their Freedom Grain-Free Adult Dog Food is a great option for Bernedoodles as it contains high-quality protein, healthy carbohydrates, and essential vitamins and minerals. Royal Canin Royal Canin is a premium dog food brand that offers a variety of dog food formulas that are tailored to meet the nutritional needs of different dog breeds. Their Medium Adult Dry Dog Food is a great option for Bernedoodles as it contains high-quality protein, whole grains, and essential vitamins and minerals. Purina Pro Plan Purina Pro Plan is a trusted dog food brand that offers a variety of dog food formulas that are designed to meet the nutritional needs of different dog breeds and sizes. Always consult with your veterinarian to determine the best dog food brand and formula for your furry friend. Ingredients to Look for in Dog Food Choosing the best dog food for your Bernedoodle can be a daunting task, but one of the most important things to consider is the ingredients. The right ingredients can provide your dog with the necessary nutrients to maintain a healthy and happy life. Here are some key ingredients to look for when selecting a dog food for your Bernedoodle: High-Quality Protein Protein is an essential nutrient for dogs, and it should make up a significant portion of their diet. Look for dog foods that have high-quality sources of protein, such as chicken, beef, fish, or lamb. Whole Grains Whole grains, such as brown rice, oats, and barley, are excellent sources of carbohydrates and fiber. They provide your dog with energy and help keep their digestive system healthy. Avoid dog foods that contain fillers like corn, wheat, and soy, which can cause allergies and digestive problems in some dogs. Fruits and Vegetables Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Look for dog foods that include ingredients like sweet potatoes, carrots, blueberries, and spinach. Look for dog foods that contain sources of these fatty acids, such as fish oil, flaxseed, and chicken fat. Probiotics are live bacteria that help promote healthy gut bacteria, while prebiotics are non-digestible fibers that feed the good bacteria. Look for dog foods that contain ingredients like chicory root, inulin, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Ingredients to Avoid in Dog Food As a Bernedoodle owner, it is important to be aware of the ingredients that are harmful to your furry friend. Here are some of the ingredients you should avoid in dog food: Artificial Preservatives Artificial preservatives such as BHA, BHT, and ethoxyquin are commonly used in dog food to extend their shelf life. However, these preservatives have been linked to cancer and other health problems in dogs. It is best to choose dog food brands that use natural preservatives such as Vitamin E and Vitamin C. Artificial Colors Artificial colors such as Blue 2, Red 3, Red 40, Yellow 5, and Yellow 6 are added to dog food to make it more appealing to pet owners. However, these colors have been linked to hyperactivity, allergies, and cancer in dogs. It is best to choose dog food brands that do not use artificial colors. Meat By-Products Meat by-products are the leftover parts of animals after the meat has been removed. These parts can include organs, bones, and other parts that are not fit for human consumption. Corn, Wheat, and Soy Corn, wheat, and soy are commonly used as fillers in dog food. However, these ingredients can be difficult for dogs to digest and can cause allergies and other health problems. It is best to choose dog food brands that use high-quality, easily digestible carbohydrates such as sweet potatoes, peas, and brown rice. Avoid overfeeding your puppy, as this can lead to obesity and health problems later in life. Provide plenty of fresh water at all times. Adult Stage Once your Bernedoodle reaches adulthood, their nutritional needs will change. Senior Stage As your Bernedoodle enters their senior years, their nutritional needs will change once again. By following these general feeding guidelines, you can help ensure that your Bernedoodle receives a well-balanced diet that promotes their overall health and well-being. Abruptly changing their food can upset their stomach and cause digestive issues. If they experience any vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite, slow down the transition by adding more of the old food to their diet. When selecting a new food for your Bernedoodle, make sure to choose one that meets their nutritional needs. Look for a food that contains high-quality protein, healthy fats, and essential vitamins and minerals. Avoid foods that contain fillers, artificial preservatives, and by-products. Conclusion The best dog food for your Bernedoodle is crucial for their overall health and well-being. This formula contains high-quality real lamb as the first ingredient, omega fatty acids, and wholesome vegetables. It is also free from artificial preservatives, colors, and flavors. Both of these options provide a balanced and nutritious diet for your Bernedoodle. Overall, providing your Bernedoodle with a high-quality and nutritious diet is essential for their long-term health and happiness. Frequently Asked Questions What should you feed a Bernedoodle? When it comes to feeding your Bernedoodle, it is essential to provide a balanced and complete diet. You can choose dry or wet food, but make sure to read the label and check the ingredients before buying. Is Royal Canin good for Bernedoodles? Royal Canin is a popular brand of dog food that manufactures breed-specific formulas. While some Bernedoodle owners may find it suitable for their dogs, it is important to note that not all dogs have the same nutritional needs. It is best to consult with your veterinarian before deciding on a specific brand of dog food. What can Bernedoodles not eat? Bernedoodles should not eat foods that are toxic to dogs, such as chocolate, caffeine, grapes, raisins, onions, garlic, and avocados. How long should Bernedoodles be on puppy food? Bernedoodles should be on puppy food until they are around one year old. After that, you can switch them to adult dog food. Is chicken bad for Bernedoodles? Chicken is not bad for Bernedoodles as long as it is cooked and served without any bones. Cooked chicken is an excellent source of protein for dogs, but it should not be the only source of protein in their diet. What should I feed my Bernedoodle? You can feed your Bernedoodle a high-quality dry or wet dog food that is specifically formulated for their size and age. Additionally, you can supplement their diet with fresh fruits and vegetables, cooked meats, and other healthy foods. It is best to consult with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate diet for your dog. Share this:. A diet that meets these life-stage needs is essential for proper development and health maintenance. Bernedoodle puppies. They also need a balanced calcium and phosphorus diet for healthy bone growth. Feeding high-quality puppy food formulated explicitly for Bernedoodle puppies can help ensure they receive the necessary nutrients during this crucial developmental stage. Adult Bernedoodles. Require a diet that is moderate in calories and protein to maintain their weight and prevent obesity. They also need a balanced diet of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to support their overall health and energy needs. You must slowly transition your dog to an adult recipe at one year old. Senior Bernedoodles. Senior dogs may require a diet lower in calories and fat to maintain a healthy weight and higher fiber to support digestive health. Senior dog foods often contain joint supplements to help mobility and joint health. At around 8 or 9, you should slowly transition your Bernedoodle to senior food. Vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants are important to boost their weakening immune system. High-quality, nutrient-dense food fuels Bernedoodles for their naturally energetic and playful behavior. Proteins are vital for muscle development and repair, while fats provide an efficient energy source. Carbohydrates, particularly complex ones, offer sustained energy. However, overfeeding or feeding a nutrient-deficient diet can lead to obesity or other health issues. Portion control and ensuring a balanced diet aligned with their exercise regimen are essential for maintaining optimal health and activity levels. Similarly, periods of high activity may require increased caloric intake, while less active periods may necessitate a reduction in food portion sizes. Although certain health issues that Bernedoodles may experience are congenital and beyond our control, others can be influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors, such as diet. Some of the most common health issues faced by Bernedoodles include the following: Food allergies. Certain ingredients in their food can cause allergies in Bernedoodles. Food allergies in Bernedoodles may present as dry, itchy skin, ears, or paws. However, unlike allergies, food intolerances do not involve the immune system but can lead to vomiting or diarrhea. Hip and elbow dysplasia. These genetic conditions affect the joints in large dog breeds like Bernedoodles. Both can lead to discomfort, pain, and lameness. Eye conditions. Like their parent breed, the Bernese Mountain Dog, Bernedoodles are prone to certain hereditary eye conditions such as progressive retinal atrophy PRA and cataracts. Both conditions can lead to vision loss if not diagnosed and treated early. It can lead to prolonged bleeding following injury or surgery. It can result in weakness, vomiting, and weight loss. Gastric dilatation-volvulus GDV. Immediate veterinary intervention is necessary. Sebaceous adenitis. This is a skin condition where the sebaceous glands become inflamed and can eventually be destroyed. It can lead to hair loss, scaling, and secondary skin infections. A disorder that causes insufficient thyroid hormones. Here are the key qualities to look for in dog food for Bernedoodles. Avoid common allergies. Because Bernedoodles can develop allergies or food intolerances, we highly recommend conducting an at-home dog allergy test like the 5Strands kit. This particular kit can test for up to ingredients and determine which ones may cause food intolerance in your dog. Once you receive the results, you can use the list to avoid dog food formulas that contain potential allergens. Bernedoodles can have sensitive digestive systems. Look for a dog food that adds probiotics to its formula. Dog probiotics support a healthy digestive system and immune system. Bernedoodles can be prone to digestive issues, so look for dog food that is minimally processed, such as fresh dog food or homemade dog food for Bernedoodles. Lower-quality kibble may contain fillers, artificial preservatives, and other ingredients that can be harder to digest and may cause digestive upset in some dogs. Joint health support. For mitigating the effects of hip and elbow dysplasia, look for dog food that includes ingredients like glucosamine and chondroitin, which support joint health. To counteract eye conditions like PRA and cataracts, choose food packed with antioxidants such as Vitamins A, C, and E, which can help protect eye health. For hypothyroidism, look for food with ingredients high in iodine, like fish, as it aids thyroid function. Always consult a vet, though, as your pet may need additional supplementation. Suitable for skin health. For sebaceous adenitis, a diet rich in Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids will be beneficial as they can help maintain skin health. Vitamin K. Balanced electrolytes. A diet that is not excessively high in potassium would be beneficial. Chapter 2: The Reviews. Bernedoodles are known to be voracious eaters, so they tend to gain weight easily, especially if their daily exercise needs are not met. Fortunately, you can help keep their weight stable with this food. Antioxidants also help control the premature aging of cells and support a healthy immune system. However, this option is quite expensive, and some dogs may not like the smell and texture. How much to feed your dog? You should use the portions listed on the package with a scale or measuring cup. That said, remember that these amounts are usually appropriate for a dog with an average activity level. So, if your Bernepoo is active, it is normal for them to eat more. If they are more sedentary, watch their portions or the fat level of their food. Bernedoodles can suffer from obesity if they eat too much and do not exercise enough. That said, it depends on the behavior of your pet. Some dogs have the habit of barely finishing their food even if their bowl is only filled once a day. But if you have an overeater at home, there are toys designed to make it more difficult for dogs to access their food in order to limit this habit and even enable them to recognize signals of satiety. What about treats? Not only is your Bernepoo at risk of becoming overweight if they eat too much, but treats are also not formulated to be balanced like their staple food. If your dog is having trouble with their teeth, you can find large kibbles that will force them to chew more, which will help reduce tartar. When choosing dog food , try it for a month and observe your pet throughout that time. Pay attention to their general condition: the luster of their coat, the condition of their eyes and muzzle, etc. Are they energetic, and playful? If not, this food may not be right for them. Nulo Freestyle may also be perfect for them, although this option is rather expensive. Her deep love for capuchin monkeys, pumas, and kangaroos has taken her worldwide to work and volunteer for several wildlife rehabilitation centers in Bolivia, Guatemala, Canada, and Australia. As a Canadian expat, Genevieve now lives in Argentina, where she wakes up every morning to horses and cows saying hello from the vast plain next to her home office window. She is the proud mom of three rescued dogs, Lemmy, Nala, and Pochi, and a frisky kitten, Furiosa. Having the privilege of sharing her knowledge and passion for animals of all kinds is what makes her fulfilled and happy.Read more Advertisement.

Although a playful pup sounds endearing, consider how many games of fetch or tag you want to play each day, and whether you have kids or other dogs who can stand in as playmates for the dog. Click here for more information on this characteristic Cockalier Highlights Cockaliers are mixed breed dogs. The coat is medium in length and usually described as being curly to the touch. These cute and adorable pups are naturally friendly and affectionate towards people—and they do excellently around small children. The Cockalier requires over an hour of exercise every day. Ideally, these sessions should be on the energetic side. While this is an energetic mixed breed, these dogs can adapt to apartment living so long as they get enough exercise. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was first bred as a companion dog for members of royalty. When it comes to the Cocker Spaniel, they were originally bred as hunting gun-dogs and prized for their intelligence. The Cockalier has become known as a designer dog breed, but many of them unfortunately end up in shelters. Cockalier Size The Cockalier is a small dog. As is always the case with newer mixed dog breeds, exact size standards might vary. Most weigh in at ten to 28 pounds and range in height from twelve to 15 inches. Female Cockaliers are sometimes marginally smaller than their male counterparts. While the Cockalier can be fine living in an apartment situation, remember that this is an active dog who will need regular brisk walks and play sessions. This dog wants to be around people and become a key part of your family, whether that means embarking on long afternoon walks together or snuggling up on the couch to relax. Cockalier Health Cockaliers are generally considered to be healthy dogs, although the breed can be predisposed to some of the same conditions that the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and Chihuahua face. Your vet can help you develop a care routine that will keep your dog healthy. This is a dog who loves to run and chase after things, and will happily add swimming sessions to their repertoire. The Cockalier is smart, too, so make sure to add interactive toys to play times. Regular clipping will keep them in top condition. Cockalier Feeding An ideal Cockalier diet should be formulated for a small dog with high energy. The Cockalier does best in moderate weather. The mixed breed is exceptionally affectionate and playful and will love taking part in impromptu play sessions with the kids. Just remember to make sure both parties are socialized correctly during the early days. In general, Cockaliers are fine around other household pets. But be sure the boundaries between the dog and existing household pets are laid down early. Ultimately, early socialization really pays off with this breed. Make sure to reward your Cockalier for good behavior and adhere to a proper training regime when you bring them home to your family. Cockalier Rescue Groups It may be hard to find a breed-specific rescue for Cockaliers because they are a mixed breed. However, you may want to try Cocker Spaniel or Cavalier King Charles Spaniel breed-specific rescues, as they often care for mixes, as well. Here are some rescues you can try:. It has been carefully formulated with all natural ingredients to provide wholesome nutrition and contains no artificial colours or flavours, no dairy, no soya and no added wheat. Harringtons provides the conventional benefits associated with premium pet foods. These tasty meals will delight your dog and provide a healthy diet. All have been carefully formulated to provide wholesome grain free nutrition and contains no artificial colours or flavours, no dairy, no soya and no added wheat. Puppy recipes have been developed to ensure the best start in life, with all the vitamins and minerals needed for bouncing energy and healthy growth, and help support immunity. Complete and Balanced: meals rich in all the nutrients your dog needs. No Nasties: no artificial colours, flavours or preservatives. Grain Free: naturally gluten free - no grains or bulkers. Healthy Growth: calcium for bones and high quality proteins for muscle growth. Beneficial Oils: Omega 3 and 6 - helps support your puppy's natural immunity. British and Irish Farmed: we only work with suppliers we know and trust. A Wholesome Bowlful: we believe nothing is better for your dog than nature's most nourishing food. We carefully prepare all our meals right here in the heart of England with natural ingredients from British and Irish farms and only use suppliers we know and trust, to make delicious and nourishing food for dogs. Made with natural ingredients. High in tasty meaty proteins. No cereal or soya fillers. All the vitamins and minerals your dog needs. No artificial colours, flavours or preservatives. All natural meaty goodness with added vitamins and minerals, for great tasting, complete and balanced recipes every meal time. It's fun being as fit as a Butcher's dog. Suitable for home use as well as for working dogs. Main features: Reflective edges and chest strap: One of the most important functions of the IDC-Powerharness is that it works well as a visibility vest too. The grey line on the chest strap and the edges of the harness are made of reflective materials to help keep your dog visible even from a great distance, when out walking in the dark. Scientifically proven comfort: a chest strap leaving the neck of the dog free. Heavy-duty buckles: The high-quality buckles of the IDC-Powerharnesses are thoroughly tested and checked. The buckles work perfectly during wintertime, and do not break even in frosty weather. Closable handle: With the new handle fixing option, you can fix only the steel ring, only the handle, both of them or none of them. With these you can minimize the dog's chance of being stuck. It's really important especially for hunting dogs, search- and rescue dogs. Side bag attachment option: Side bags are available in 3L and 4L versions for Powerharness sizes 0 to 4. A smaller IDC Universal side bag is also available. With its cm3 capacity, it is ideal for carrying documents, vaccination papers, cellphones and dog treats. Flashlight holder: The flashlight holder is made of an elastic, high quality German material, so it can hold various sizes of flashlights. It can be used simultaneously with the side bags. It is essential for search and rescue dogs and service dogs working at night. Water repellent cover: Developed to be water resistant, highly durable, comfortable and secure, the IDC-Powerharness is the dog harness of choice for professional trainers, security personal and pet owners alike. Since ! Recommended by dog trainers, veterinarians, search and rescue and working dog organizations for 10 years now. If you've been looking for premium natural dog treats that won't break the bank then your search is over! A delicious range of flavours, shapes and textures, without any artificial colours. Great for training aids or just as a reward to make their day a happy one. Baltic dried sprats for dogs are high in healthy fish oils like Omega 3. Pork is the only ingredient making it a perfect pet safe alternative for a good boy or girl. The Spookalier is a hybrid breed that is produced when breeding with a Poodle. They are hypoallergenic, that is, unlikely to cause allergy in humans, so they would suit a family who are known allergy sufferers perfectly. Spookaliers are compatible with a variety of people who will provide love and attention to their new addition. Spookaliers are a mix in appearance between a Cavoodle and Spoodle, some inherit the short Cavalier, teddy-like face, and others the beautiful lone and elegant Spaniel ears. They are a very unique breed and are only very few in Australia as we are the only Spookalier breeders! The Spookalier is the perfect pet for any family, the Spaniel allows pups to be quite active but the Cavalier mix also provides a very placid aspect. Spookaliers love to socialise with other dogs and children. This breed is reasonably active, requiring regular walks and trips to the park but would also be quite happy to chill out in the yard with small children. Therefore, it is impossible to predict the exact size a pup will grow. Spookaliers can be a variety of sizes depending on the most dominant gene in each pup. Spookaliers will be a small sized breed approximately, kg and up to 40cm in height. The Spookalier colours also vary in each litter, with the possibility of anything from cream, apricot, red and black. Here at Kruizen Puppies we specialise in red and apricot Spookaliers. Spookalier Maintenance and Other Needs Spookaliers are a semi long haired breed that can either grow curly, wavy or straight, in a fleece coat depending on the genetic contributions of each puppy. They are a low to non-shedding breed that require regular exercise and would be content in an apartment or small yard. Spookaliers as with most puppies can be very energetic so it may be best to go for a walk or exercise before teaching them new tricks. The amount of grooming required is very dependent on the type of coat each individual pup inherits. All Spookaliers will require some form of grooming and clipping, especially those with a curly, non-shedding coat, as it will not fall out. However, low shedding pups will not require as much maintenance, just regular brushing and the occasional clip. Dogs with a more predominantly poodle type coat also need regular brushing to prevent knotting. Spookalier ears, as with all long-eared dogs, need cleaning regularly to prevent infection. Also, around the eyes should be cleaned daily to prevent buildup of eye discharge. The Spookalier is perfect for most family lifestyles and are beautiful little dogs. They can grow up to the size of a Cocker Spaniel, however, are generally smaller than this due to the Cavalier and Toy Poodle mix. The Spookalier is fantastic with children as they are quite small but also reasonably active and happy to run around the house or backyard with young children. Spookaliers love the water and are very happy with regular trips to the beach or river when possibly but also love to play on beautiful grassy fields. The Spookalier is a gorgeous new breed and you will never understand how you lived without one!

We have answers. What are French Bulldog puppies for sale near Kent like? A French Bulldog, commonly known as a Frenchie, is a small, muscular canine breed with bouncy personality that originated in 19th century France. They have distinctive bat-like ears, a short, wide muzzle, and muscular legs. They come in a variety of color patterns including fawn, brindle, and piebald. French Bulldogs typically weigh between 16 and 28lbs and generally reach a height of 11 to 12 inches. Frenchies are loyal, loving and affectionate companions that thrive on human interaction. Will French Bulldog puppies for sale in Kent cause me to have allergies? French Bulldogs can potentially cause allergies in some people, due to the breed's heavy shedding coat. If you are prone to allergies, it is best to visit a vet to discuss your situation and the suitability of a French Bulldog as a pet. Additionally, all bulldogs may cause some degree of respiratory issues, due to their short muzzles which make it difficult for them to breathe properly in certain atmospheric conditions, making it important to take into consideration. What should I not feed Kent French Bulldog puppies for sale? French Bulldogs should not be fed any type of food not intended for their species. Foods like onions, garlic, grapes, raisins, and other fruits can be toxic and cause them great harm. Additionally, they are at risk of pancreatitis when fed excessive amounts of fat or high-calorie rich diets, so avoid food items high in fat or which lack nutritional value. Generally, they require a well-balanced diet that is formulated specifically for their breed. Do not forget their regular feedings times and stick to a healthy and nutritious diet designed for French Bulldogs. Do French Bulldog puppies in Kent have any kind of special requirements? Yes, French Bulldogs can require special requirements. Some of these requirements include regular veterinary care, regular brushing, and a well-balanced diet. It is also important that they get plenty of exercise, usually in the form of walks, playtime, and games. Additionally, they require regular nail trims. Furthermore, French Bulldogs may also need to be monitored for heat and humidity levels, as they are susceptible to breathing difficulties. Consideration should also be given to their living situation, as these breeds are not made for outdoor living. Are French Bulldogs for sale in Kent considered big dogs? French Bulldogs are a small breed of dog, making them much smaller than the average size of a large dog. In general, these dogs will weigh between 11 and 28 lbs when fully grown and will usually stand between inches tall. French Bulldogs are known for their chunky build, short legs, and large ears, resulting in an overall smaller size than regular breeds. Although French Bulldogs are smaller in size than most dog breeds, they can still provide a great amount of companionship and eagerness when it comes to learning new things. Do French Bulldog puppies near Kent like to swim? French Bulldogs typically enjoy a little light swimming from time to time. This breed of dog is generally low-maintenance in terms of grooming and exercise, so getting them in the water can be a fun, low-stress activity. French Bulldogs are usually comfortable in the water and like to paddle around, but they don't particularly enjoy swimming long distances. That's why it's important to keep an eye on them at all times, and preferably have a life vest on your dog just in case things get dicey. Are French Bulldogs in Kent good family dogs? French Bulldogs can be good family dogs as they are generally friendly, adaptable, and loving. They have a penchant for wanting to please their owners, which makes them particularly well-suited for people with families. They're typically quiet, calm, and low-maintenance, which is ideal for kids of all ages. French Bulldogs also interact well with other family pets, making them a great breed to bring into any home. How many minutes per day do I need to train Kent French Bulldogs for sale? The amount of time per day necessary for training French Bulldogs will depend on the individual dog and how quickly they progress. Generally, French Bulldogs should receive at least 15 minutes of training every day in order to keep learning and progressing. However, it is not recommended to do more than 30 minutes per day of training as this can be too strenuous for a French Bulldog. The amount of time for the training session can be divided up throughout the day, with shorter intervals more beneficial than a single long session. Read more about the pups that are currently up for adoption. Read More… Foster Dogs FBRN is being faced with an increasing number of dogs who are ill, handicapped, or need expensive veterinary care before being placed. Meet our Foster Frenchies and please consider sponsoring one of them to ensure that they receive the care that they need. Read More… Surrender a Dog Life has thrown you a curve ball and you must surrender your French Bulldog… we are here to help! Read More… Volunteer We welcome you to join us in our efforts to rehabilitate and rehome needy French Bulldogs. We have many options for you to choose from, depending on your circumstances, time and resources. Our organization is composed solely of volunteers who nurture and foster these dogs as well as provide education and training. Our goal is to place healthy and happy French Bulldogs into forever homes. Read More… Contact Us Learn about the many ways that you can get in touch with us. He has a Staffie sister, Lettie, who he adores and who has taught him so much with her gentle patience. He has doggie friends at daycamp he sees once a week. He is the best snuggler ever! He used to be a resource guarder, but will now bring you his toys for a treat! He loves our daily walks and meeting people. Thank you FBRN for picking us to be his family- we love him so much! Despite being mostly blind and deaf, Ham is thriving in his golden years, especially with his folks now working from home. Thank you FBRN for our goodest good boy! We are so grateful for every day with him. She had cherry eye surgery in March right before Covid quarantine and the surgery was a success. A gigantic thank you to FBRN for allowing me to adopt this perfect little nugget. All Rights Reserved. A c 3 Non-Profit Organization. Tax ID: .Powered by Geeks4Rent. We respect your privacy. Thank you! As a reputable and compassionate French Bulldog breeder, we pride ourselves on the health testing, beauty, and personality of our Sires and Dams. Thoroughly vetted breeding stock, along with over a decade of experience, research, education, and a dedication to bettering the breed, sets our puppies up for success with their new families. We incorporate the principles taught by Dr. Gale Watkins through the AviDog University, cultivating our puppies' confidence through proper socialization. Meaning, that our puppies grow up in my, and my children's arms. They are provided with age-appropriate enrichment which ultimately gives you the most balanced and well-behaved adult French Bulldog. We dedicate our lives to cultivating a well-behaved and loving member of the family that will provide you with comfort, humor, and companionship for many years- and this is priceless. NW Frenchies offers stud services to approved females. Our Sires offer the finest combination of bloodlines and are fully health tested. He has completed and is cleared for hip and elbow x-rays, thyroid blood panel, patella grade, heart auscultation by a veterinary cardiology specialist, and eye exam by a veterinary optometry specialist in accordance with the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals guidelines health testing. He is the ideal representation of every quality a French Bulldog should have. Misha has fathered many healthy litters. Eager to bring a French bulldog puppy home?

Jaimie meets clients for 1-on-1 training, group classes owners only, no dogs , as well as live video classes. Jaimie has published videos, blog articles, and eBooks to share tips for training and his personalized insight into dog behavior. There are 24 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 74, times. Poodles are a popular breed of dog in many places around the world, loved for their active demeanors and sharp intelligence. The AKC advocates for the responsible ownership of dogs and promotes purebred dog events, such as the Westminster Dog Show. Go to source They're excellent hunters, trackers, trick-dogs, and even excellent watchdogs that will alert you whenever there's an intruder or something amiss in the household. Learn how much and what kind of food, exercise, and grooming you should provide your poodle in order to keep it healthy and happy. All rights reserved. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc. There are many kinds of wet and dry dog food on the market, with prices and flavors varying across a diverse spectrum. Don't get overwhelmed by the variety, though. Avoid foods with a grain or other filler listed as the top ingredient. There are many recipes for homemade dog food, but all of them should have 3 fundamental ingredients: meat, vegetables, and a filler carbohydrate such as rice. For example, keep your poodle away from raw meat, dried fruit, fried foods, and allium vegetables, such as onions and garlic. There are 3 sizes of poodles: standard, which weigh between 40 and 55 pounds 18 and 25 kg , miniature, weighing between 12 and 15 pounds 5. The size of your poodle determines how much food you should give it, so make sure to follow recommended guidelines in order to avoid weight-related problems in the future. That being said, there are some rough guidelines you can use if such information is temporarily unavailable. Keeping your dog hydrated is essential to good health and nutrition: water lubricates and facilitates practically every function in your dog's body, including joint cushioning, temperature maintenance, and digestion. If you use wet food, your dog can get quite a lot of its daily hydration requirements from its food, but you should still provide a large bowl of clean water at all times. Although many of these devices were created for cats who are attracted to running water, they perform multiple functions which are also beneficial to dogs, such as inhibiting bacteria growth and filtering out carbon. You've probably seen images of show poodles displaying what looks like a wacky, poofy grooming style. While you don't need to mimic this look in your pet's style, you still need to follow a fairly strict grooming regimen in order to keep your poodle's coat from matting. In addition to weekly brushing at home, you should get your poodle professionally groomed and trimmed every 6 to 8 weeks. You should brush your poodle's teeth daily with a vet-approved canine toothpaste and toothbrush. If you've adopted an adult poodle who hasn't had prior daily dental care, get a professional cleaning done before beginning your daily regimen. This is especially important for toy and miniature poodles, as they tend to have more problems with receding gums. Just be sure to select a rawhide variety which contains no added flavor and is made in the U. Poodles don't need as much exercise as some other energetic breeds, but you should still strive to walk them at least twice a day for no less than 20 minutes per walk. Go to source This is particularly important for standard poodles, as they are the largest sized poodle and the most active. Toy and miniature poodles require less physical activity, but you should still make sure they get enough exercise to maintain a healthy cardiovascular and digestive system. A standard poodle can develop superior endurance and speed—some people have even trained for marathons with this boisterous breed! But, you should amp up activity gradually in order to avoid overheating. Scan your fences carefully for any holes or weaknesses before letting your dog run around, and don't let your dog be outside when you're not home to supervise. Poodles were originally bred in Germany to be trackers and water retrievers, so they have innately excellent senses of smell and intelligence. Field events, hunting, tracking, and agility exercises are all excellent options which let the poodle use these natural skill sets and interests while keeping it mentally engaged and physically active. Tracking training involves getting the dog to follow a tracklayer's scent over an extended distance, navigate obstacles in the terrain, and find and retrieve an object such as a glove or hat carrying the tracklayer's scent. If you're not familiar with the procedure, you can get help with this kind of training through local poodle organizations, obedience classes, or American Kennel Club chapters. Poodles are loving, giving dogs, but this also means they need tons of attention in return. They prefer to be with you at all times, so include your dog in anything you can. For example, take it with you to your kids' baseball game, out on your morning jog, and to your friends' barbecue. Otherwise your poodle will act out and keep its mind occupied through other, often destructive behaviors, such as chewing on furniture or shoes. Proper care for the Poodle will involve many aspects that will all work in combination to maintain excellent health and promote learning and good behavioral habits. It is important to establish a foundation of proper care during the puppy stage that will carry over throughout the Poodle's life. We will discuss: The items that you should have to care for a Poodle puppy Details on the 5 most important tips for proper care - Feeding, house training, offering the right amount of exercise, grooming and how to offer a healthy environment. Toy Poodles and Mini's will be puppies for the 1st year; standards mature at a somewhat slower rate and are considered to be puppies until the age of 2 years old. During this time, much care is needed for both physical growth and mental development. Bringing your new Poodle home is not as simple as just picking up your new family member from the breeder. Good care involves planning ahead. It helps to have all needed items well in advance so that you can focus on the puppy without having to rush out for a needed supply items. One of the most important elements to be aware of is that no matter what the puppy has been fed since he or she began eating solid food, you should have the exact same brand on hand. Quickly switching foods can cause upset stomach and other issues…and in the case of a puppy it can be the cause of hypoglycemia. A slow change must be made. If you opt to go with a different brand or to home cook, have enough of the 'old' food on hand for several weeks, as well as the 'new' so that that you can make gradual changeover. A quality dog bed — A new puppy will feel stress going to even the best of new homes. This is why making sure that you have a nice, soft, comfortable dog bed is important. You should show your Poodle that this is the area in which he can rest, sleep or just get away from noise when things seem to overwhelming. If you will be leaving your puppy home alone during the day, it is best to have the bed placed in the area where he will be staying. A gated off section of a room or inside a canine playpen works well. The entrance to this can be left open when you are home with your puppy can of course, closed off when you are away. In this way, the puppy will become accustomed to the area. If you will be home with your puppy, place this in the corner of room that is frequently used but not chaotic. Dogs like to have their own quiet spot, but not feel isolated. Walking and ID accessories — Along with a retractable leash and a collar for ID purposes, it is highly recommended to have a harness for your puppy. Toy Poodles no matter what the age and all Mini and Standard puppies should have on a harness and not a collar when they are on a leash. When a leash is connected to a dog collar, this can create too much tension on the neck, which can cause collapsed trachea. The trachea windpipe is protected by rings of cartilage…when this happens, those rings collapse in, causing pain and breathing problems. These can be purchased at a pet supply store and come in many unique and interesting designs so that your Poodle always looks stylish. If you are not sure which harness would be best for your Poodle puppy, you may wish to look to both 'Accessories' and 'Clothing- Harness' in the Poodle Specialty Shoppe. A Car Safety Seat - Long ago cars did not even have seat belts for humans. But now, of course, we all know how many lives they save. The very same is true for dogs. Even if you are a conscientious driver, you cannot be in control of those who are driving near you. Be sure to secure your Poodle into a canine car safety seat. All it takes is 1 second of you having to quickly brake for your Poodle to go sliding off of the seat, completely unprotected. These are also great for dogs that are prone to car sickness. A raised booster seat will assist a puppy in being able to look out of the window which reduces motion sickness. However, choosing high quality toys that can stand up to continual chewing and hold a puppy's interest is better. Puppies are full of energy and filled with curiosity; having a good supply of toys at all times will be very helpful. Puppies that are in the teething phase will be experiencing discomfort and teething toys will help to sooth sore gums and offer a chewing outlet See also: Poodle teething Grooming Supplies - Poodle care certainly involves proper grooming. This includes nails, dewclaws, bathes, drying, wrapping, trimming, clipping and topknots. See also: Bathing a Poodle Clothes - Particularly for tiny toy Poodles, protection against the elements should be implemented as needed. During cold, icy winters the use of canine shoes or paw wax helps protect paw pads from ice melt chemicals and aids with traction. A sweater or cute vest can keep a small Poodle puppy from becoming chilled. During hot months, shoes help protect sensitive paws from hot surfaces. Bowls - Plastic bowls often contain heavy dyes that can cause staining on a Poodle's coat. In addition, tiny scratches that easily develop in plastic bowls can also harbor dangerous bacteria. It is best to use stainless steel or ceramic bowls for both food and water. Dishes should shallow so that a puppy can easily reach both food and water without bumping their heads or straining to reach. Toys and Mini's may like raised bowls. However, Standards - who are prone to bloat- should only eat and drink from bowls that are at floor level. Free feed until 3 months old leaving food out at all times and then give your puppy 3 meals per day plus healthy snacks. Please choose your food wisely; cheaper foods with fillers will not offer the proper nutrition needed to aid with the rapid growth that is associated with the puppy phase. You will find that if you reserve snacks and treats as rewards for training, housebreaking and command training will go smoother. Read more: Feeding a Poodle 2- Start house training right away, keeping in mind that it is your commitment to the process that will bring about success. Generally, housebreaking takes 2 to 3 months. If your Poodle puppy will be expected to use an outdoor area, do not focus too much on indoor training when the pup is home along, since it is difficult for puppies to learn 2 different methods. Do keep in mind that young puppies should not be over-exercised since it can interfere with growth plate development; however a daily 20 to 30 minute per walk is perfect. Walks allow a puppy to release pent up energy, it expands their view of the world and is a good staring point for socialization techniques and learning proper heeling. Poodles are generally very active dogs. Aside from a walk each day, this breed loves to run , jump and show off their agility capabilities. Playing catch, Frisbee or training your Poodle to jump through hoops will keep them in good health, both physically and mentally. See also: Poodle Exercise Requirements 4- Begin a routine of grooming and care. While many puppies will balk at the idea of being brushed or having teeth cleaned, doing these tasks on a regular basis allows a puppy to become accustomed to being touched and taken care of. Taking care of the teeth during the puppy stage is important since dental hygiene will affect the adult teeth that have not yet erupted. Read more: Poodle dental care 5- Limit stress, focus on fun. One of the most important elements of Poodle care is to offer a loving, safe environment. Puppies and dogs are sensitive to their owner's moods and the atmosphere of the house in general. Puppies can become easily stressed in noisy, chaotic homes. Puppies should be given a designated area to retreat and rest if feeling overwhelmed. Often, a gated off area that is secured when a pup is home alone, but the entrance is open when owners are home works best. Speak to your pup in a pleasant voice and remember that positive reinforcement for good behavior works much better than scolding for bad behavior. Take time to puppy proof the home, clearing the floors of any small items and stowing away shoes and other objects to higher ground. This should be done before bringing a puppy home but also on a regular basis. See also: What it means when a Poodle puppy shakes - If a Poodle is suddenly shivering, you'll want to look to these top reasons. Poodle Winter Care - Everything you need to know about caring for your Poodle during the wintertime. Other Articles: Apricot Poodles - This is a super popular coat color. Details and photos. Black Poodles - Another gorgeous color. Poodle tear stains - Putting to rest the old myths on what works. A list of the most effective at-home treatments to remove stubborn stains. Poodle hair tangles - Due to the nature of the curly coat, tangles are not uncommon yet should be removed as soon as possible with a method that does not affect hair growth. Are You a Member Yet? When you sign up to become a Member of the site, this allows you to receive a friendly notice when new pages of information have been added. Always something to help keep your Poodle happy and healthy. All rights reserved. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon. Share Us. Poodles are great for first time dog owners 1. Poodles Are Very Smart One of the most impressive characteristics of the Poodle is their intelligence. Poodles are considered one of the smartest dog breeds out there, leading to their position in so many service roles. Their brains make for a dog that catches on quickly to obedience training and good habits, but it also means they can easily catch on to the bad ones as well. A smart pup craves mental stimulation, so we must follow through on that end of the deal. The more you utilize consistent training and daily mental stimulation, the more their beautiful personalities can shine through! Poodles Are Extremely Playful Poodles are known for being downright goofy. A bored Poodle pup can turn to undesirable behaviors, making daily playtime a must. Poodles are one of the most loyal pups out there, as they bond easily with the humans and furry friends in their life. Poodles are eager to please their favorite people, causing them to adhere to your side to ensure they are always of service. While this can be a wonderful trait in a canine friend, it does mean they have the potential to be extremely protective and territorial. Loyalness can sometimes lead to territorial aggression if the Poodle is not socialized properly, making it important to introduce them to plenty of other people and animals early in life. Socialization in Poodles should begin from the moment they enter your home, and should involve taking them to new places when they are fully vaccinated , introducing them to new sights and sounds, bringing new people around, and plenty of playtime with other vaccinated pups. Poodles Require Regular Grooming Poodles may not shed as much as other canine friends, but they still require regular grooming. Poodles often require daily brushing to keep their coats plush and knot-free, and may need to visit your local groomer every 4 to 6 weeks. Though Poodles are considered fairly independent pups, they do not tolerate being left alone for long periods. This is due to the combination of being attached to their owners, having a lot of energy, and the need for mental stimulation. If you plan to welcome a Poodle into your family, be sure your schedule allows you to be home with them most hours of the day. Poodles Come In Three Sizes One of the best parts about the Poodle is the fact that they come in three different sizes! Whether you want a tall and majestic pup or a pocket-sized furry friend, there is a Poodle for you. Poodles can be found in Toy, Miniature, and Standard sizes, all of which have a few distinctive differences in their personalities. Toy and Miniature Poodles tend to be a bit more clingy and energetic than their Standard Poodle friends, with Standard Poodles being a bit more reserved and independent. No matter the size of your Poodle friend, they all make wonderful companions in their own way. Poodles are loyal, easy to train, and always ready to explore the world with their owners. These are wonderful traits for those looking for a dedicated companion, but this means they need a home that can cater to these needs as well. Poodles need a home that is willing to offer plenty of attention, daily exercise, consistent training, and a whole lot of love. Their intelligence level makes them easy to train, and their gentle nature makes them easy to control in most situations. All dogs require care and attention on our part, but Poodles are fairly low maintenance outside of their grooming needs. So what do all of these qualities mean when it comes to deciding if Poodles are the right breed for you? Basically, you just need to ask yourself a few questions. Can you offer daily exercise? Do you like to go on adventures with your canine friend? Are you dedicated to offering them proper obedience training and socialization? Do you have a schedule that allows you to be away from home no longer than hours a day? Can you brush your dog daily? If you said yes to the questions above, then you have what it takes to be a Poodle parent! This breed is wonderful in every way, but they do require a special someone to fill the needs we mentioned above. If you are able to offer a Poodle the time and attention they deserve, you will witness firsthand how incredible of a companion they can become. Final Thoughts Poodles are one of the most popular breeds out there for good reason. As long as you review the information we discussed above, you will have all the tools you need to be the best Poodle parent you can be! The Puppy Mag makes an active effort to search for plagiarized content using plagiarism detection software. If plagiarized content is found, action will be taken.

Disclosure: This post contains affiliate links, and I will be compensated if you make a purchase after clicking on my links. Take back control of their behavior using these quick and easy solutions to stop German Shepherd biting that actually works. Even better, have a set of toys that are only used when you want to engage in play with your puppy. Hide these toys in a basket or box after your game of play. This makes them extra special. They are under your control and your dog must give them back to you. Special toys are more fun for your pup to bite than you. When in doubt of what special toy your dog likes, choose from this specially-curated list of what toys German Shepherds love for interactive toy ideas to keep your dog entertained. Say OUCH! When your pup bites you, say OUCH firmly. This simple technique catches the attention of many puppies when done correctly and can train a German Shepherd puppy to not bite you. You could also make a YIP sound instead, just like their little brother and sisters would make a yipping noise when playing too rough. If they continue to bite and nip, say OUCH again and then get up immediately and leave the room for a few moments. You may return to play but keep repeating this simple process until they learn to keep their teeth on their toys. This will only encourage them to continue their unwanted behavior. Use Puppy-Safe Partition Gates Only use pet-safe partition gates that are high enough to prevent your German Shepherd from jumping over. If your pup bites you aggressively when you and your family walk past you, then use an exercise pen or this German Shepherd-sized pet safe partition gate to contain them. Only use pet-safe partition gates that are high enough to prevent and discourage your German Shepherd from jumping over to continue to try and bite you. Use the items during busy times in your home to keep your dog calm and out of areas that might increase their excitement and biting and nipping you. Puppies tend to bite and chew when their teeth are coming in. They do this to relieve the pain and help soothe themselves. Freeze a durable large Kong with their favorite treats and kibble and have them on hand for times when your dog is acting out and biting you. Give them a Kong to gnaw on and bring icy relief to their gums. Plus, chewing has been shown to help relax and calm dogs. Redirections are actions that keep your pup from engaging in unwanted behavior by showing them appropriate behavior. For example: When your dog nips you, find their teething toy to bite instead. When your dog jumps on you to bite your hands or ankles, look around for a Kong to give to them to bite on. Squeaky toys like this toy that continues to squeak , even after a puncture, are ideal to distract your dog from your hand to another object. These toys differ from their special toys mentioned above because these redirection toys are ones you leave out for your pup to chew most of the time. So, be sure to have them nearby! Use Daily Leadership Skills How many times a day do you teach your German Shepherd to listen to you and offer them leadership? Use daily interactions as an effective way of teaching your dog about leadership. Have them sit before you take them for a walk or exiting a door. Ignore them altogether. Only offer them interaction and come back to them when they show you calming behaviors. Our dogs love our attention. And German Shepherds crave it! An overfed dog that is under-exercised may display destructive behaviors because of boredom and lack of energy needs being met. Get up off the couch and go outside for a walk and sniff party. Low impact activities and free-running off-leash running are best. Choose from a list of fun and gentle, age-appropriate German Shepherd puppy exercises to keep your pup healthy and better behaved. Stop roughhousing with your dog before it frustrates them. Use appropriate, puppy-safe toys instead of play sessions. This way, your pup can bite the toy instead of your fingers, hands, or arms. You may also stress out your GSD by engaging them rough of play. For your pup to either keep up with the play or stop you from too rough play, they may bite you! From day one, avoid play that involves mouthing or teeth on the skin. Use toys to provide your dog a way they can bite to release their energy… Without nipping you! And this game is great because it teaches your dog a necessary life skill. Practice the game: multiple times a day for 2 to 3 minutes at a time Your pup learns impulse control during the game and this transfers over to their ability to stop themselves from biting you. Read below for the easy-to-follow directions. If your dog gets too worked up and then bites, then teach them this Rev Up and Cool Down game. After a few running steps and before your pup gets too excited, stop running and walk slowly. Keep moving slowly until your dog also slows down. When you see them slow down, take a few more steps calmly and peacefully. Continue with steps one through three. Each time your dog should slow down sooner and quicker. If your puppy knows any of these basic German Shepherd commands , incorporate those commands to make the training more interesting and fun. The link above will also easily explain how to teach over ten commands! The point of the Rev Up and Cool Down game is to teach them to settle and stay calm without nipping and biting you. You need to keep your pup exercised, mentally stimulated, and show them what calming behavior is. Be fair and understanding. A Shepherd is a joy to own when given the direction they desire and the commitment they need. Found this helpful? Share it! She has a Bachelor of Science degree, with Honors, and has been training dogs for over a decade. Related Posts. German Shepherd puppies , like all puppies, go through a teething phase, and their biting behavior can continue until they are around 4 to 6 months old when their adult teeth have fully grown in. But how do you get German Shepherd puppies to stop biting, and when should you seek out more help? We dive into everything that you need to know here. German Shepherds are herding dogs, and as such, they love to go after anything that moves. This could be cats, kids, hands, fingers, or just about anything else. The more they get away with it, the more acceptable the behavior seems in the future. Addressing the problem early and consistently is vital. Just like babies need something to chew on when their new teeth are coming in, your German Shepherd needs something too! First, it stops when they get their adult teeth. Second, if you try to redirect them to something that they can chew on, most German Shepherd puppies are receptive. At this time, they should have all their adult teeth, which means no more teething to worry about. But at least you know the root of the problem and can start implementing the necessary strategies to address it. Instead, get them a few chew toys, bones, and other acceptable things to chew on as they teethe. You can also throw a few of these toys in the fridge or freezer to cool them down, and this will offer even more relief for your pup when they need it! While there are plenty of techniques to try, we recommend redirection and positive reinforcement. The method is simple. If and when they start chewing on the toy or other appropriate object, give them praise. German Shepherds love to please their owners, so this is typically an effective way to train your puppy. Therefore, you should have levels of concern. If they are still chewing and nipping at the 9-month mark, you should seek obedience training or talk to a vet to see what you can do. So, get on it early and often, and stick with it! Because with just a little work and dedication you can get your German Shepherd puppy to stop biting in no time. If you find it cute that your little German Shepherd puppy is biting your hand, think again! GSDs grow-up to become strong and muscular dogs. However, once a GSD pup grows , its biting habits are not cute at all. Trust me on this one. Little pups that bite on hands or chew on toys are doing so because they are developing teeth. Recently, we got a new addition to our GSD family, a cute male named Bobby, and surely Bobbly likes to bite everything. We did order a set of tug ropes for him and it is working. Here is the model that we ordered from Chewy. They chew on toys because their gums feel irritated and to make the pain go away, they bite and chew on things. This behavior during the teething period is very normal and not much of a problem. Another reason that GSDs bite a lot is that they did not receive proper training as pups. When people start to appreciate or encourage GS biting or nipping, they are making it develop this into a habit. Your dog will start to bite at visitors and household items. This is a problem that needs to be controlled right away or else someone will end up getting hurt. If you let your GSD bite and nip, you are letting it take over. Biting and nipping is also a play game for GSD pups. They like to bite other pups in the litter, and this is usually harmless. However, when a pup gets hurt unintentionally, it makes a loud sound. This sound is an indication for the pup that it is hurt, and it is time to stop. There are several ways you can train your pup not to bite or nip. If your pup is biting because of teething, it is not a problem. The first step is to tell your dog that biting is not acceptable. You will do this with the help of voice commands , body language, and hand signals. When you stop playing with your pup the moment it bites, it will associate no play with biting. Repeat this practice whenever your GSD bites or nips. It will help your GSD learn that biting and nipping is not appreciated. Put your other finger lightly beneath its chin. Your pup will not be able to bite you and in this uncomfortable situation, it will try to get your fingers out of its mouth. This is an effective technique that will make the puppy feel uncomfortable and it will avoid biting you. Remember, you will have to repeat this technique several times until your pup completely hates taking your hand in its mouth. Pull your hand backward and pinch your pup in the neck. Do not pinch too tightly. This will make the pup associate pinching with No, and it will soon stop biting you. Be Consistent in what You Teach If you are trying to train your dog to behave and stop biting and nipping, make sure you are doing it with consistency and repetition. While training a GSD, you will need to repeat your technique several times until it starts to learn. Your GSD needs to know that biting and nipping is not acceptable and will upset you. You will also need to become the leader of your dog, not a friend of the same level. When the dog accepts you as a leader, it starts to follow the rules you set and the commands you give. Do not let your puppy bite on your hands during the training process. Reward Good Behavior If your dog is doing well and following your orders, do not forget to offer it a treat. Food treats are a kind of reward that you offer your dog only when it learns something. Make sure you have enough treats with you when you are training your pup. This way your GSD will learn that no biting means a yummy treat. You can also sign-up for our newsletter to get an expert opinion on GSD behaviors. Puppies Have you ever reached down to play with a German Shepherd puppy, only to have that adorable little fur-ball pierce your skin with its razor-sharp puppy teeth? When I brought Allie into the family, she was fully in the German Shepherd puppy biting phase — so that first month was tough! Unfortunately, biting is an inevitable phase of puppyhood — it comes with the territory when you decide to be a puppy parent. My goal with this guide is to get you through the biting stage with as few battle scars as possible. Why do German Shepherd Puppies Bite? Up until this time, your puppy was with its littermates, and playtime meant lots of mouthy, nipping fun. Accordingly, this is the only way your GSD knows how to play! A German Shepherd puppy also uses their mouths to explore different things like toys — or hands, ankles, furniture… pretty much anything they can get their mouth around. Your puppy could also be teething, which can increase their mouthy behavior. Just be patient as you work through the German Shepherd puppy biting phase — give your pup time to learn to be gentle when playing or seeking your attention. Nothing is worse than an ankle-biter! I was very lucky not to have this problem with Allie. Why does your German Shepherd puppy target the ankles? Because your GSD is a working dog trying to do its job — herd you around the house like livestock. German Shepherds were originally bred for herding flocks of sheep. Your furry pal may also think heel nipping is just a really fun game. Using a toy as a distraction and keeping your pup active will help nip ankle nipping in the bud! Because she was too busy biting hands! There are lots of reasons why a pup may decide to start biting your hands. For one, good things treats, toys, love, attention come from hands. Also, hands are almost like swinging toys from the perspective of a playful pup — too enticing to pass up! How to Discourage Biting Behavior While the German Shepherd puppy biting phase is a rite of passage, there are some ways you can discourage bad biting behavior without harsh discipline. This is one of the most effective ways to teach your German Shepherd bite inhibition — or how to be gentle with her teeth. Think about when your pup was rolling and playing with their brothers and sisters — if your GSD was too rough, their sibling would let out a yelp. This trick worked great with Allie! Just make sure to be consistent until your pup gets the idea and learns to master the power of her jaws. Puppies will be puppies! Redirect the biting to an appropriate toy. For example, when your fuzzy friend latches onto your ankles, give a little puppy-like yelp, and then whip out a toy and encourage your dog to chew on that instead. Tug-of-war is the perfect game for the puppy biting phase. Socialize your puppy as much as possible. Other dogs are great at teaching your puppy that they playing too rough and biting too hard. Try a deterrent to prevent your dog from chewing or biting. If all else fails, there are lots of products designed to deter your dog from bad biting behavior. How do they work? Well, they taste awful. But if used correctly, they can definitely work. This is still attention — your puppy bites, your puppy gets attention. Otherwise, your pup may see this as a fun new game, kind of like tug-of-war but with your hands or feet as the toy. You want your furball to love playing with you! The goal here is to encourage your German Shepherd to play as much as ever but to play gently. As a pup, Allie thought she should greet everyone by jumping in their face and nipping — kind of like a kiss hello, but with teeth. And as she got bigger, it was harder to control. But trust me, it got old quickly. Be proactive. If I knew someone was coming over, I would put Allie in another room or in her crate. Once our visitor was in the house and the initial excitement had passed, I would let her out. By keeping her from greeting people right when they walked through the door, I could minimize her overzealous behavior. This is a simple command that teaches your dog to stay in her place until you give a release command. This is another way to allow the initial excitement to pass and your German Shepherd to calm down a bit before greeting anyone. Redirect attention to a toy like I talked about earlier. Fold your arms and turn away. Keep turning until your GSD stops jumping, then praise them and use a treat as a reward. What to Do If Biting Becomes Aggressive Although puppy mouthing is normal, there can be cases where biting can signal problems and possibly even aggression. Look for physical differences in your pup. If your puppy is having a moment of aggression, their body may stiffen when snarling, and bites will typically be more painful than during regular play. Also, if your GSD puppy is biting out of fear or frustration, you may need to take action. These types of behavior are not something your pup will just grow out of. While the biting phase will inevitably end, you may find yourself asking the infamous question — when do German Shepherds calm down!? I asked myself and our vet this question more than once! It honestly just depends. Sure, she had her calm moments thanks in part to her training , but she was still very hyper especially in more excitable moments. The type of German Shepherd dog is yet another variable that plays a role in its energy levels. So when do German Shepherds calm down? It really depends on your individual German Shepherd. Final Thoughts Unfortunately, the German Shepherd puppy biting phase is something all GSD puppy owners will go through, but it will pass. Try the tips above to help keep your sanity during this phase. Or any tips to help the rest of us? Please share! Since puppies lack the dexterity that you and I have, they use their mouths to explore the world around them. By understanding the behavior of biting itself, you can begin to see just how normal biting is in German Shepherd puppies. Just because biting is a normal behavior in a puppy does not mean we should tolerate it or promote it. Since biting is a form of communication for German Shepherd puppies, there are many things our puppies could be trying to say! So why do Shepherd pups bite? Puppies often communicate with their siblings through biting and pawing, especially when they are trying to incite a play session. Your pup may gnaw on your hand as if it were a chew toy, especially when you are a moving target. Puppies play and bite their siblings from the moment they are old enough to do so. This is why the behavior is so common, and why our Shepherd pupswill need to learn how to transition to playing with appropriate chewing options. Not only are our hands and feet tempting enough, but even more so when a puppy has a high prey drive. A prey drive is an ingrained need to chase after moving objects, whether it is appropriate or not. A swinging hand as we walk by can be extremely tempting for a growing pup, causing them to jump up and nip. If it seems like your Shepherd puppy is always biting you when you are in motion, it may be due to their high prey drive! They Are Curious As we mentioned above, German Shepherd puppies use their mouth to explore the world around them. Biting can help them examine and understand an object, and our hands and feet can fall into that category as well! If you catch your puppy gnawing on everything around your home, it may be their curiosity getting the best of them! A dog quickly learns what behavior gets a reaction, causing them to do it over and over again. Even if their bites result in a negative reaction from you, it still counts as attention. They Are Teething Similar to teething babies, a German Shepherd puppy experiences teething pain as well. If your Shepherd pup seems to find relief when chewing on objects, they may be biting you due to teething discomfort. They Are Herding You If your German Shepherd puppy is constantly biting at your ankles, they may be displaying some herding behaviors. German Shepherds are ingrained with a need to work, especially in dogs with a working bloodline. If your German Shepherd is always nipping at your feet, running to your side when you are moving, or showing signs of anxiety or frustration when you are moving around your home; it may be herding behavior. So how can you stop this normal puppy behavior? Redirect The Behavior One of the most effective ways to stop your German Shepherd puppy from biting is by redirecting the behavior. An effective distraction is a wonderful way to end the behavior without punishment, and show them how much fun the alternative to biting can be. The next time your Shepherd pup is displaying undesirable nipping, try to pull out their favorite toy. Since this will need to be a toy that your dog enjoys, be sure to offer them the option that they find most exciting. This can be a Kong toy , rope, bone, or any other chewing option that your dog loves. By doing this each time your Shepherd puppy begins to bite you, they will begin to understand that they would much rather play with an acceptable chew option. Having a variety of chew toys can alleviate their need to bite our hands and feet, and offer them the relief they seek in this uncomfortable transition. There are so many toys created for teething puppies, that it should be easy to fill your home with plenty of appropriate options. One of our favorite chew toys is the Kong Teething Binkie. Any attention can validate the behavior, causing them to make it a habit. This shows them that the behavior is unacceptable, and does not involve any harmful negative reinforcement. Our attention is important to a puppy, and they do not want to be ignored. By showing them that biting will only result in us pulling away, they will learn to ditch the undesirable behavior. Interrupt The Behavior Sometimes a Shepherd puppy needs a sharp and sudden sound to pull them out of a bad habit. By giving a quick interrupter cue ouch, yip, eek , you can pull your puppy away from the action and gain their attention. Because of this, it is so important to offer plenty of mental and physical activities throughout your home. For example, if your puppy nips at strangers each time they walk in the door, it may be best to limit their time around the guest and send them to a separate play area. Once they begin to understand that biting is unacceptable, you can refrain from using their separate play area as often. Similar to what we discussed above about being proactive, a separate play area can help them calm down and collect themselves. Once your German Shepherd puppy begins to mature and understand that biting is unacceptable, they should require less time away. Just as there are effective methods in canine training, there are counterproductive actions as well. Do Not Hit Or Yell Since biting is a normal behavior that puppies must learn to grow out of, it is not productive to hit or yell at your puppy when they bite. Doing this can show them from a young age that interaction with you results in something negative, and can hinder your training process. By using other distractions and training methods when they bite, you can turn every bite into a learning experience for your pup! This can seem like a fun game to your pup, and can actually encourage the behavior. Try your best to go limp when they bite you, and pull your attention away from the pup. By doing this, you show them that this behavior does not offer them any extra fun. Extra attention can validate their undesirable behavior, making it challenging to break. Try your best to refrain from reacting to a bite outside of your interrupter cue, and pull your attention away from your furry friend afterward. Biting is a normal behavior in puppies of all kinds. Puppies begin to bite their siblings from the moment they can move, and will continue this behavior until they learn otherwise. A biting German Shepherd puppy is to be expected, and should not result in any discouragement on your part. As long as you are following the tips we mentioned above, your puppy should shy away from this behavior in no time! Biting in puppies is not usually a sign of aggression. Mild biting is usually a form of play, and should be easily corrected. However, there are some rare cases where biting in German Shepherd puppies is a sign of something more. If your pup is displaying any snarling, growling, ears pinned back, stiff posture, or any other signs of canine aggression, your pup may be biting in reaction to fear or pain. If you are unable to make any progress within a month of implementing the tips we discussed above, it may be time to contact a dog trainer. A trainer can not only help your pup refrain from biting, but offer other obedience training as well. Final Thoughts As you can see, biting is a normal behavior for our beloved German Shepherd puppies. Be sure to review the tips we discussed above on proper canine training, and you can banish puppy biting for good! Hopefully, we will have the answers to all of your questions in this guide. But, all that cuteness quickly disappears when the biting phase starts. Puppy biting is normal in all breeds, including the German Shepherd. And, luckily, we have some great tips and tricks to minimize the painful biting period. In fact, it could have a number of causes. Here are a few of the most common reasons, in a little more detail. Teething One reason why puppies of all breeds may bite is teething. This stage often starts at around 3 or 4 months of age — only a few weeks after your puppy will arrive at their new home. Luckily, it only takes a few months for your puppy to have their full set of adult teeth. So, biting from teething is not permanent. If your puppy is biting or chewing because of teething, you may notice other symptoms like drooling, irritability, and going off their food. Boredom or Getting Attention Bored puppies may learn that biting gets some fun responses from you! Just like barking can. If your puppy has learnt that they can get some attention from you when they bite, they may do it to alleviate boredom. This can explain why puppies concentrate most of their biting on one family member — the person who gives the most fun response. Natural Play Biting is a natural part of puppy play — as much as some owners might not want to hear it! German Shepherd puppies, just like any other breed, will bite whilst they are playing with you or with other dogs. If this behavior continues into adulthood, the biting can be more problematic. Responding to Rough Play Some people like to play with German Shepherd puppies in quite a rough manner. This can include pushing them, or rolling them over. Behaviors like this can make puppies very excitable, and encourage biting during play. Encourage calm play between your family members or friends and your puppy. Herding Instincts The German Shepherd breed has a history as a herding dog. The creator of the breed, Captain Max von Stephanitz, bred the German Shepherd in an attempt to create the ultimate all-round herding breed. This was all the way back in the late s. Although the history of the breed has changed over time, from herding to working dog, their origins remain the same. Many herding dogs are prone to natural chase instincts. They may chase small children or other animals — particularly those that are making lots of noise. And, these herding behaviors can include nipping at heels. Once again, your behavior can minimize biting from this cause. Exploration Another common explanation for young German Shepherd biting is their natural curiosity. And, they may do this partly with their mouths. What you really want to know is, when will it stop? However, you can minimize the period by making a few easy changes to your behavior when biting occurs. The best ways to stop puppy biting and minimize the biting period are training and prevention. This means training your puppy to be gentle with you and other people, and taking away opportunities for your excited puppy to bite humans. You may need to go as far as to completely separate your GSD puppy from small children and people who insist on rough play with puppies. We know that this can only encourage biting. Remove Yourself Calmly If your puppy starts to bite you, during play or any other time, the best solution is to calmly and quietly remove yourself. You can use tools like baby gates to keep your German Shepherd in a puppy-safe room. In fact — your puppy will learn that biting during play or cuddles only results in you leaving, and them ending up on their own! Not only will this help to show your puppy that biting is not an acceptable part of playtime, but it can also help your own sanity to remove yourself from those sharp teeth occasionally. Think About Clothing You should also think about the type of clothing you wear around your puppy. Loose, hanging clothing can be appealing to your puppy, and provide something easy to grip on with their sharp teeth. Wear tight fitting clothing to minimize the number of things your puppy can bite at. Use Distractions If you, or young children in your household, are keen to pet your puppy without being bitten, you should make the most of distractions like treats or toys. You can hold a chew for your puppy to keep their attention and mouth distracted whilst someone pets them! Often, puppy owners only think about biting whilst their puppy is actively gnawing on them. One method is to reward them with treats when you are petting them and they are not biting you. Another is to reward them for calm behavior around the house. This way they learn that acting calmly and letting you touch them without biting will earn them good things! One popular method to stop puppy biting is to squeal, squeak, growl, or make another loud noise. Some people claim that this method replicates natural puppy play and tells your GSD when they are being too rough. For some owners, this may work. If this is the case, making a noise when your puppy bites will act as a reward, and encourage your German Shepherd puppy to bite you even more. This is one reason why puppies biting children is so common. Many children will make lots of noise, especially if a puppy bites them, which can lead to further nipping. This is similar to the method above, if used alone. This is why training has to be done in small stages — first you must teach the puppy what action you want, and then you can give the action a name, or command. Punishment Methods The best methods to stop your puppy from biting involve positive rewards for the behaviors you want. Studies on dog training and behavior have shown that punishment based methods are often associated with an increase of problematic behaviors. Punishing your puppy for biting can lead to distrust and fear from your puppy. The causes of puppy biting that we looked at earlier in this guide apply to all GSD puppies. In fact, they apply to all puppies of any breed. Biting and chewing is a normal puppy behavior, and a normal part of play. As long as you react to this behavior in the right way, it is a period that will pass. The biggest fear for most German Shepherd puppy owners is that their puppy is aggressive when it bites. German Shepherd puppy biting can be accompanied by ferocious growls or snarls. It can even draw blood. So are behaviors like snarling and growling. And, if your puppy is biting hard enough to injure you, they may not have learnt proper bite inhibition yet. This is the process where your puppy learns to be gentle with his teeth on your skin. The positive reward methods we discussed earlier in this guide are the best way to teach your puppy bite inhibition. Remove yourself calmly and quietly whenever your puppy bites. And make sure to reward any calm behavior — including when your puppy lets you pet it without biting. Speak to a Behaviorist If you think your puppy is exhibiting aggressive behaviors, such as guarding their resources, you may want to speak to a behaviorist. They will be able to look at your puppy as an individual case, and analyse their behavior properly. Do Adult German Shepherds Bite? The German Shepherd breed is known for being aggressive in some circumstances — they make popular guard dogs, and are number one candidates for working dog roles in the police and military.

Of course, the only one who can tell you that for sure whether a mysterious bump is a cause for worry will be your vet, so be sure to schedule the next appointment available so your furry friend can get checked out. They spend a lot of quality time with their pet and possibly even their personal space. Finding the lump is the first step. The second will be to not panic, not all bumps on a dog mean that they have cancer. There are times when our memories and eyes can deceive us into thinking that the bump is getting larger or smaller, and having a measurement will make it easier to know what changes have—or have not—been happening. They are benign tumors that are just a mass of fat cells under normal skin. These are usually soft, round, and movable. They are commonly found around the ribs—though they can show up in other places on the body as well—on middle-aged to senior dogs who lean toward being overweight. Lipomas are often not something that you need to worry about on your dog. If it grows quickly, or to a point your dog starts to have to work around it, it can be removed. A sebaceous cyst is a blocked oil gland on your dog. Do not try to pop a cyst on your dog. More often than not a sebaceous cyst will go away on its own either by shrinking away or popping in its own time and releasing a white, pasty substance. But do not try to pop it on your own. This can be caused by anything from an infection to an insect bite. Abscesses can develop quickly and become painful to your dog if not cared for quickly. While they do require a trip to the vet, they are not typically something that should cause great worry. Most often, they are taken care of and forgotten about once the antibiotics have run their course. It can be painful when touched for your dog and comes from a direct trauma to that part of their body. They can be caused by many different factors, anything from viral infections, vaccination locations, and even just aging. For most younger dogs, their body is developing their immune system and it will be able to heal the wart by itself. However, for older dogs, they may need to be removed by your vet. Typically, they will go away on their own after the allergen is removed. They are a buildup of excess immune cells that press into the skin. Normally button tumors are able to go away on their own, but if your pup starts to get irritated by it or bite and scratch it, it may be better to discuss a surgical removal with your vet. They can have many different looks depending on where, how, and when they develop on your dog. They usually feel solid and firm to the touch and can be irregularly shaped, rather than the expected rounded bump. Because mast cell tumors are a skin cancer, they need professional treatment. Your vet will likely recommend a surgical removal of the affected tissue as well as a small border layer around it to make sure that all of the cancerous cells are removed. When caught early, this process is very effective and your pup will be back on the move in no time. Enlarged lymph nodes can mean anything from your dog fighting a small infection to canine lymphoma developing in that area. In either case, noticing that there is a lymph node that is swelling, getting them to the vet as soon as possible to have tests run will greatly improve their chances for easy treatment. This is when your vet will take a small, unintrusive needle and stick the bump to get a sample of cells. A majority of lumps on dogs are diagnosed with an FNA. In these instances, the fluid itself is extracted and sent to a lab for closer inspection on a molecular level to determine what that fluid is. For some cases, the plan will just be to keep an eye on the size and note if it starts getting smaller or larger; if the latter occurs then typically a secondary visit to the vet is necessary. For more serious cases they may recommend antibiotics or surgical removal. Many vet clinics also list an associate email address, and pet owners are encouraged to use this email address to ask questions and send in photos of their pet's issue. If a lump is something to be concerned about, the clinic will then let you know to schedule a physical appointment. Dogs can get lumps, bumps, and cysts from normal aging, or they can be signs of a problem. There are two major types of lumps and bumps on dogs: malignant cancerous and benign not cancerous. A veterinarian can take a sample of cells to give you a diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. Types of Lumps and Bumps on Dogs Here are several common skin growths found in dogs, along with info on what they look like and what to watch for: Benign Tumors Tumors that are benign are not invasive or likely to spread to other body areas. Histiocytoma A histiocytoma is a benign skin growth that usually occurs in dogs less than 2 years of age. Rarely, they can be seen in older dogs or on other areas of the body. Histiocytomas are pink and fleshy but may get bigger and seem more irritated before improving. They can be diagnosed through microscopic examination of a sample of cells from the growth. Lipomas come from fat cells under the skin or are found in muscle tissue. They usually develop in older, overweight dogs. They may become quite large or appear in multiple locations. A vet can diagnose a lipoma by taking a small sample of cells from the growth to look for fat droplets. No treatment is needed, but these should be monitored for rapid changes. When lipomas start to bother your pet, you can consider surgical removal. Papilloma A papilloma in young dogs is a contagious, wart-like growth that usually occurs in and around the mouth. In older dogs, they might be seen around the eyes or on other areas of the body. Papillomas are caused by a virus that can be spread through direct contact with an infected dog or contaminated items, such as toys or feeding bowls. They appear small, fleshy, and round with a cauliflower-like texture to the surface. Severe cases may make eating or swallowing difficult and require treatment by surgical removal. Medications and other treatment methods are also available, including crushing of the warts to stimulate the immune system. Another type of papilloma is a skin wart that is more common in older dogs. These are usually solitary and not caused by a virus. These bumps may have a hardened surface that looks like a cauliflower. An inverted papilloma may also be seen in young adult dogs, especially on the lower abdomen. If the growth bothers the pet, surgical removal is an option. They are overgrowths of the connective tissue in the skin. They are the same color as the skin but extend out from the surface on thin stalks. Skin tags are common in older dogs and certain breeds. No treatment is needed, but these can be surgically removed if they are bothersome. Sebaceous Gland Tumor A sebaceous gland tumor is commonly found in older dogs. They are typically smaller than a pea and may develop in any location. Some will bleed or secrete a material that forms a crust. Large breeds often form these on their head, specifically their eyelids, and they may be black in color. Treatment is not necessary, but surgical removal may be considered when the growth is bothersome. Meibomian A meibomian gland tumor is a slow-growing benign lump that forms in the meibomian gland at the edge of the eyelid. The tumor can stick out or grow into the eyelid. They may become inflamed, irritated, painful, or ulcerated. They may also cause inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. Large tumors may cause problems when your dog blinks, because they cause extra tearing and tear staining. They are diagnosed by their appearance and location, and they can be removed with surgery, or the tissue can be frozen for removal. They rarely grow back after removal, but regrowth is possible. Epulis An epulis is a common benign growth found in the mouth of dogs. They may form when a tooth rubs against the gums, as with an underbite in brachycephalic flat-faced breeds. These smooth, fleshy, pink bumps grow on the gum tissue near the outer surface of an incisor, canine, or premolar tooth. They can appear to grow on a stalk of tissue, like a mushroom, or as an unmoving mass, and they may have a bony interior. Certain types can invade surrounding bony tissue. Diagnosis of an epulis is made by recognizing it from appearance and confirming with a biopsy. These growths should be removed surgically, along with the adjacent tooth and any bony tissue that may be affected. They do not usually regrow if the entire tumor is removed. Radiation therapy may help cases where the growth is inoperable. Follicular Cysts Follicular cysts are large, benign bumps on the skin that grow up from the hair follicle. They may release a thick material that is white, yellow, or brown when you push on them. As they get bigger, they can become itchy or painful. These types of cysts are diagnosed on physical examination and may be confirmed with microscopic examination of a small sample of cells aspirated with a needle. Follicular cysts may become infected and require antibiotic treatment. If they are growing or become painful, they may be surgically removed and should not regrow. Perianal Adenomas Perianal adenomas are benign growths common in older, unneutered male dogs. They grow from oil glands near the anus but can also occur in similar glands along the abdomen, on the back, and near the tail. These commonly show up as multiple small lumps. Larger tumors may develop bleeding ulcerations and can compress the anal canal, making it difficult for your dog to poop. Almost all male dogs are cured by castration alone, but large or ulcerated tumors may also be surgically removed. Females improve with surgical removal, but the growths often recur. Laser surgery or freezing the growth may be necessary to avoid fecal incontinence when surgery involves the anal sphincter. Hemangiomas Hemangiomas are benign tumors that occur in adult dogs and closely resemble blood vessels. They may be single growths or multiple, compressible, reddish-black circular lumps that can resemble a blood blister. Some may become large and even ulcerate. The recommended treatment is surgical removal. Nevus A nevus is a dark raised or flat benign growth on the skin, commonly called a mole. These are found on areas prone to trauma, such as the legs, head, and neck, usually in older dogs. Treatment is surgical removal. Trichoepitheliomas Trichoepitheliomas are small, benign lumps that pop up from the hair follicles of adult dogs. They are cyst-like and filled with condensed, yellow, cheesy, granular material. They can occur anywhere on the body, but especially on the face and trunk. Treatment is surgical removal, but they are likely to continue to form at other locations, even after surgery. Cornifying epitheliomas Cornifying epitheliomas are benign growths that stick up from the skin surface and look like horns. No treatment is necessary unless there is evidence of self-trauma, ulceration, or secondary infection. Surgical removal is the ideal treatment. Basal Cell Tumors Basal cell tumors are benign growths that develop on the head, ears, neck, and forelimbs of older dogs. They are raised swellings that are typically firm, solitary, dome-shaped, and small. Some may be hairless, ulcerated, and stick out like stalks from the surface of the skin. They are dark in color and may form cysts that break open and drain fluid or pus. Treatment is surgical removal, especially when the dog is uncomfortable. Malignant Tumors Malignant tumors are cancerous growths that can invade tissue and spread to organs. Angiosarcomas Angiosarcomas are highly malignant blood vessel tumors that may vary in appearance. One or more red lumps in the skin or underlying soft tissue are commonly seen, but they may also appear as a poorly defined bruise. All types grow rapidly and destroy surrounding tissue. They also spread to the lungs and liver. Angiosarcomas may occur in response to sun exposure in dog breeds with short, white coats, but dogs with dark, thick coats can develop them as well. They usually form on the underside of the trunk, hip, thigh, and lower legs. A biopsy is required for a diagnosis. Freezing and laser surgery can help control smaller surface tumors. Chemotherapy may also be recommended to treat any remaining tumor cells. Basal Cell Carcinomas Basal cell carcinomas are flattened or raised growths that appear anywhere on the body of an older dog. They may spread to surrounding skin, forming new ulcerations, but they rarely spread to other organs. Surgical removal is recommended, including enough skin around the tumor to ensure that no tumor cells remain. Liposarcomas Liposarcomas are rare but may develop in older male dogs on the chest and legs. They can be soft or firm lumps that are slow to spread to other locations. Treatment is surgical removal, but recurrence is common. If this happens, radiation treatment may also be required. It can look like flaky skin, red patches, raised and ulcerated areas, or lumps deep within the skin. There are two forms of skin lymphosarcoma that differ in their expected progression and response to treatment, so it is important to determine which type your dog has early on. Treatments include surgical removal, chemotherapy, and radiation, done separately or combined. Mast Cell Tumors Mast cell tumors are the most common malignant tumor seen in dogs. They often affect older dogs but can occur in dogs of any age. They develop solitary growths anywhere on the body, especially the limbs, lower abdomen, and chest. Larger or rapidly growing tumors and those in certain locations are more likely to spread. Their appearance can greatly vary, but most are raised and either soft or firm to the touch. Your vet will need to examine a sample of cells from the growth under a microscope to confirm a diagnosis. There is variation on how aggressive these tumors are. Surgical removal is necessary. If the tumor regrows or spreads, other treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, may be used. Malignant Melanomas Malignant melanomas are another type of skin tumor of older dogs. They commonly develop on the lips, mouth, and nail beds of male dogs. They appear as raised, ulcerated lumps and may be dark, light gray, or pink. If they appear in the nail bed, the toe is often swollen. These tumors grow quickly and may spread quickly to other organs. Complete surgical removal is the preferred treatment, but it may be difficult and involves removal of adjacent tissue to prevent recurrence. Chemotherapy and radiation are not effective treatment options. Fibrosarcomas Fibrosarcomas are common, fast-growing malignant tumors in dogs. Most are on the trunk and legs and vary in appearance and size. They can invade underlying muscles, but most do not spread to other areas of the body. Treatment consists of surgical removal, though complete removal may not be possible, and regrowth is common. Fibrosarcomas may also be treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Squamous Cell Carcinomas Squamous cell carcinomas can be found in two places on a dog: on the surface of the skin or under a nail. Most appear as firm, raised, irregular, and ulcerated areas. Many are solitary, but areas of prolonged sun exposure may produce multiple tumors. These growths invade surrounding tissues. Some are slow to spread, while others grow more rapidly. Treatment involves complete surgical removal of the tumor along with some normal tissue. How Vets Diagnose Lumps, Bumps, and Cysts on Dogs A sample of cells may need to be taken and evaluated under a microscope for a diagnosis. This can come from taking an impression of the surface of the growth, using a syringe and small needle to withdraw a small sample of cells in the exam room fine needle aspiration , or surgically removing a small tissue sample biopsy while your dog is under local or general anesthesia. Most veterinarians evaluate impression smears or fine needle aspirates by staining the slide and examining it under a microscope in the veterinary office. Trained veterinary pathologists are available to analyze these same samples or small tissue samples to determine a diagnosis. Then your vet can determine the appropriate treatment recommendations and explain the expected outcome. Take pictures and note any changes from day to day in any of these factors. Make an appointment with your vet as soon as possible and bring your log and photos along with any questions you may have. FAQs What does a sebaceous cyst on a dog look like? A sebaceous cyst is a smooth, raised swelling that contains sebum from the oil glands associated with hair follicles. They can become infected and inflamed and may rupture, secreting a thin, yellowish discharge. What can you do for a dog with a sebaceous cyst? A sebaceous cyst should be observed for changes in size or material within the cyst. The cyst may break open from being scratched and release a fluid-like material. This should be gently cleaned with warm water and then allowed to dry. Any sign of infection or sensitivity in the area should be evaluated by a veterinarian for treatment recommendations and possibly surgical removal. How do I get rid of bumps on my dog? Then they will determine an appropriate plan for surgical removal using local or general anesthesia. Can a bug bite cause a bump on a dog? Yes, a bug bite may cause a temporary swelling on a dog. These may be itchy as well. Growths are usually more defined and rarely regress but remain the same or grow larger over time. Is a belly lump normal after a dog spay? A belly lump may indicate a reaction to a buried suture, or rarely, a hernia of the abdominal wall. Contact your vet if your dog has a lump in their belly after being spayed. This would depend on the type of lump that it is. Many benign growths do not need to be removed. However, if the growth changes in appearance, bothers the dog, or interferes with movement, then a veterinary exam is needed to determine the appropriate treatment. For malignant growths, your vet can determine the appropriate treatment. Featured Image: iStock. She completed an internship in small.Help us make PetMD better Was this article helpful? August 30, in Uncategorized For most owners, a new lump on your dog can be a source of panic and worry. Most people associate lumps on dogs with one of the most common causes of lumps in people: cancer. But it's important to keep in mind that many different types of lumps can develop on dogs for all kinds of reasons, including some which are hereditary, and many which pose no serious health risk to your dog. Even so, lumps shouldn't be ignored. Whether your dog has developed a new lump suddenly, or you have noticed several lumps that have developed across your dog's body, it's always better to be safe than sorry and to have the areas inspected and prescribed the appropriate treatment. Here's an overview of the different types of lumps you might find on your dog, and how to make sure these lumps are appropriately addressed. Common Types of Lumps on Dogs Many different types of lumps may appear on your dog's body, including some that are fairly rare. But most bumps on dogs fall into one of several broad categories: Lipomas - These are among the most common types of lumps on dogs, and are fortunately a growth that owners don't need to worry about. These lumps are fatty benign tumors that may vary in size and can appear across a dog's body, becoming more frequent as they age. However, unless the lump is affecting the dog's mobility or quality of life, there's no health concern or reason to remove the lump. They are typically soft and easily moveable, but it's best to not diagnose at home as they can sometimes resemble the more dangerous cancers. Cysts - A cyst develops when one of your dog's oil glands becomes blocked. These are similar to a zit on a human, although these cysts can grow much larger. Generally, they aren't anything you need to worry about or seek treatment for, and they should go away on their own. Don't pop a cyst, though—this can increase the risk of your dog acquiring an infection through the open wound. Hematomas - A hematoma is essentially a raised bruise that develops as the result of trauma to your dog's flesh. The hematoma itself may be hard, swollen, and tender to the touch, but it doesn't represent a health concern for your dog. The injury underneath the hematoma, though, may need to be evaluated by a doctor to make sure there are no broken bones or serious health concerns. Abscesses - An abscess is caused by an infection, and it should be treated promptly by a vet. These infections will be hot to the touch and painful for your dog, but they don't pose a significant health risk as long as they are treated before the infection spreads to other parts of your dog's body. For this reason, visit a vet or vet hospital promptly to start treatment as quickly as possible. Cancerous Tumors - A cancerous tumor will usually be harder than a lipoma, and won't be hot or sensitive to the touch. The tumor may also be benign, in which case your dog's health won't be jeopardized by this tumor. However, a biopsy should be done to evaluate the tumor and determine whether treatment is necessary. When Do Lumps on Dogs Develop? Lumps may develop on your dog at any age. But an older dog is more likely to develop lumps because of the risk factors they may face for cancer or skin issues. In addition, lipomas and other types of harmless lumps are more often associated with their appearance in aging dogs, although young dogs are liable to develop these growths as well. Other lumps, such as hematomas, warts and cancer cells, are more strongly correlated with other health issues that may develop at any stage in a dog's life. Pet owners should also keep in mind that, with certain types of lumps like lipomas, the presence of one or two lumps may increase the likelihood of more lumps developing down the road. Some types of cancer lumps on dogs will develop on the surface of your dog's skin, which can help owners identify cancer before it reaches advanced stages. Certain breeds, such as boxers and Boston terriers, are especially prone to tumors that grow externally. One of the best ways to identify a potentially cancerous lump is to evaluate how that tumor feels when touched. Compared to the soft, fatty characteristics of a lipoma, a cancerous lump will be harder and firm to the touch, appearing as a hard immovable lump on your dog. A lump on a dog's neck or face may also prompt foul-smelling discharge from the mouth, nose or eyes, and this smell can be another indicator that the tumor is cancerous. Ultimately, it's difficult to know whether a tumor is cancerous just by looking at it. Even your veterinarian will likely need to conduct a biopsy to determine whether the tumor is benign or malignant. Typically, hard, immovable lumps that suddenly appear tend to be more worrisome than soft, moveable or slow-growing lumps, but that's not always the case for every type of cancer or abscess. Because lumps on dogs can be difficult to identify and evaluate at home, owners are encouraged to consult their vet and find out if the lump should be tested and identified. Lumps are likely to develop at some point in your dog's life. In cases such as cancer lumps or an abscess, early detection and treatment can improve your dog's quality of life, and potentially save them from serious and life-threatening consequences. The canine guide to lumps and bumps on dogs The canine guide to lumps and bumps on dogs Does your dog have a lump or bump on or under their skin? While lumps and bumps are more common in older dogs, younger dogs can get them too. Most lumps and bumps are benign non-cancerous , but some of them can be malignant cancerous. The older your dog is, the higher their chance of getting malignant lumps. The good news is that early detection and treatment of cancerous lumps can increase the chances of a cure. What type of lump or bump is more dangerous? What causes lumps and bumps on dogs, and how can you treat them? How your vet can tell what type of lump or bump your dog has Your vet will conduct one or more of the following tests to determine the type of lump or bump your dog has and the treatment required: Fine needle aspiration FNA — Firstly, your vet will determine if this procedure can be performed during the consultation without the use of sedatives. If the vet determines they can use this technique for a diagnosis, a small needle is inserted into the lump to suck out cells which are then deposited onto a slide. Next, the slide is stained and the slide is viewed under a microscope to examine the cells. Your vet may send the slide to a specialist pathologist in a laboratory for examination. Impression smear — If the lump discharges fluid, your vet may rub a slide onto the lump, and then stain it and examine the fluid as with an FNA. Generally, your dog will receive a sedative or anaesthetic and a small part of the lump or the entire lump will be removed. Then the lump is placed in formalin and sent to a lab, where thin sections of the lump are examined under a microscope. Lab test — If the lump contains fluid, the fluid could be sent to a lab to culture and check for infectious agents like fungi or bacteria. Types of lumps and bumps — benign vs malignant Benign non-cancerous lumps and bumps Benign lumps and bumps lack the ability to invade other tissues and spread to sites beyond where they are present. If benign lumps are causing problems, removal should be considered. They tend to be round, soft tumours of fat cells that grow very slowly and rarely spread, so it can take up to six months before you see any change. Lipomas can be easily diagnosed with FNA. If they become very big or hinder movement e. Abscesses Abscesses are swollen lumps that contain an accumulation of pus under the skin caused by an infectious agent. They will generally need to be drained under sedation and copiously flushed with a clean antibacterial solution. In some cases, your vet will prescribe antibiotics if they deem it necessary. Hives urticaria Hives on dogs are similar to those on humans — a rash of round, red weals on the skin that itch and swell due to a reaction of the skin to allergens such as a bee sting or contact allergy. They will often resolve on their own, however sometimes they need steroids or antihistamines to provide relief. Sebaceous cysts Sebaceous cysts are hard, cystic material under the skin that can form due to a blocked sebaceous gland. They appear like swellings with a creamy matter inside them. The swellings sometimes become red and sore. Histiocytomas Histiocytomas are an ulcerated nodule or red button-like lump often found in young dogs, particularly on their limbs. They normally go away quite quickly but you should still have them checked by your vet as they can imitate some very nasty cancerous tumours. Sebaceous adenomas Sebaceous adenomas are tumours of sebaceous glands that appear as multiple wart-like growths. A biopsy is required for diagnosis but vets can often diagnose these lumps by just looking at them due to their classic appearance and slow growth. Perianal adenomas Perianal adenomas are tumours that grow around the anus, mostly in non-desexed older dogs. Any lump or bump around the anal region requires proper assessment and investigation due to malignant tumours in this area being common. Warts Warts are more common in puppies, older dogs and dogs that are immunocompromised, and look like small skin tags or several small lumps. Dogs that go to a doggy daycare or dog parks can get warts due to close social contact with other dogs. A biopsy is required for diagnosis but vets can tell due to their classic feathery appearance. However, they can irritate your dog, and if this occurs removal should be considered. Granulomas Granulomas can be raised red lumps that may have a surface crust, or they can be found under the skin and have a firm consistency. Surgical excision is often required for treatment. Haemangiomas Haemangiomas are tumours of blood vessels or underlying tissues of the skin. Diagnosis is done by a biopsy or surgical excision with the sample being tested by a pathologist. This is always recommended as these tumours can change over time to become malignant. Surgical excision is curative if the tumour is benign. Malignant cancerous lumps and bumps Malignant lumps and bumps grow and can spread through the body and affect organs like the liver and lungs, along with the brain and bones. They can spread by local growth destroy nearby tissues or by metastasis tumour cells enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system to spread to other body sites. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are also often used to prevent further spread. Usually vets will start with a FNA. They usually spread by local invasion and can be difficult to remove, as prompt, careful resection with a wide surgical margin is required. Melanomas Melanomas in dogs are not caused by sunlight and are a lot less malignant than human melanomas. Canine melanomas are tumours involving cells that give pigment to the skin. They can be benign or malignant and appear as dark lumps on the skin that grow slowly. More aggressive tumours grow on the mouth and legs. They have to be removed but they can recur. Squamous cell carcinomas Squamous cell carcinomas are skin cell tumours found on unpigmented or hairless areas such as the eyelids, vulva, lips and nose, and present as raised, crusty sores. They usually grow by local invasion and should be removed. Mammary carcinomas breast cancer Mammary carcinomas are cancerous growths of the mammary glands. They spread by metastasis to the lymph nodes, other mammary glands and organs. Osteosarcomas Osteosarcomas are the most common bone tumour, especially in large male dogs. They can cause bumps or lumps to form in the bone, usually in the limbs, and often spread to the lungs by metastasis. They need surgical removal, which may include amputation of the affected limb. Chondrosarcomas Chondrosarcomas are the second most common bone tumour and usually occurs inside of the nose. A biopsy and lab tests of bone and skin tissue are also required for diagnosis. In some circumstances, the vet will recommend a CT examination to determine exactly where in the body the malignant cells are. This is called staging. Other things that cause lumps and bumps on dogs Ticks Causes Your dog can get ticks if you take them for a walk in bush areas or scrub areas that harbour ticks. Ticks can also reside in tall lawns and shrubs and in compost material in your backyard. Consult with your vet for advice on what ticks are prevalent in your area, and what signs to look for. A tick crater is proof that a tick was attached to your dog. Tick craters can be felt as lumps on the surface of the skin. Most ticks will attach to the face, neck, and ears, but they can also attach to other areas of the body. The best way to avoid your dog getting ticks is to use tick preventatives year round. Check your dog daily for tick craters and bumps by running your hands over their body, paying particular attention to their neck, ears, under their collar and between their paws. More treatment options available for your dog Depending on the type of lump or bump your dog has, its location and size, and the characteristics of your dog, more treatment options are available, including: lumpectomy for benign and early malignant lumps and bumps. This is the surgical removal of the lump. Sometimes a very large incision is required to ensure that all potential cells are removed. This is when extreme cold liquid nitrogen is used to remove very superficial skin lesions. Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells in the whole of the body. Other types of therapy that can be used to treat lumps and bumps on your dog include: hyperthermia.

Check Price 3. They are popular among Frenchie parents due to their ease of use and the fact that French Bulldogs usually adjust to them easily. French Bulldogs can wear a variety of harnesses to ensure their comfort and safety Features to Consider When Choosing a French Bulldog Harness Keeping your Frenchie safe and comfortable during walks and other activities is easy with the right French Bulldog harness. Get the wrong one, and you risk your dog slipping out or not wanting to wear it. Here are things to look out for when shopping for French Bulldog harnesses to get one that is perfect for your dog: 1. Materials The material used in making a harness determines how comfortable your dog will feel when wearing it. Therefore, you should only consider French Bulldog harnesses made with high-quality materials like cotton, nylon, and leather. You may need to try different materials to find the most comfortable one for your dog. Breathability Due to the structure of their flat face, Frenchies are more susceptible to breathing problems and, by extension, overheating than other dog breeds. When choosing the best harness for your French Bulldog, ensure that you opt for one that allows plenty of ventilation. This eliminates the risk of your dog suffering a heatstroke. Therefore, consider getting a harness with plenty of padding, especially around the chest and belly, to provide your dog extra comfort and safety. Adequate padding helps prevent rubbing or digging into the skin, reducing the risk of injuries and discomfort while wearing the harness. Attachment points Harnesses come with the leash attachment point on the front, back, or both. When choosing the best French Bulldog harness, you should note where its leash attachment points are, as that determines how much control you will have over your dog when walking them. Harnesses with front leash attachment offer more control than harnesses with back leash attachment. Reflective features This is optional but highly recommended if you intend to walk your Frenchie at night. Harnesses with reflective features, such as reflective strips or stitching, help to make your dog visible to motorists, cyclists, and pedestrians in low-light conditions, reducing the risk of accidents. Finding the Right Fit for Your French Bulldog Before purchasing a French Bulldog harness, it is important to measure them first to ensure you get one that fits them correctly. Use a measuring tape Weight-based sizing can be misleading when shopping for the perfectly fitted French Bulldog harness. Although it can provide a general indication, it is not always accurate. Be sure to note the width of the chest at its widest point, typically an inch or two away from the armpits. If your Frenchie is a puppy, you can add an extra 3 inches to the recorded chest dimensions to allow room for growth. Weigh them Weighing your Frenchie is another step in selecting the perfect harness size. While it can be challenging to make them stand still, an easier way to do it is by carrying your dog and stepping onto the scales to obtain your combined weight. After taking note of the combined weight, place the dog back down and weigh yourself alone. Selecting the perfect harness for your Frenchie becomes much easier if you accurately measure their chest, neck, and weight. The tutorial video above provides a good visual guide on how to measure your pup for a harness. For the neck, measure around the widest part, usually right below where the collar sits. For the chest, measure around the broadest part, which is typically right behind the front legs. Always remember to check the fit regularly as your French Bulldog puppy grows, adjusting the harness or upgrading to a larger size when needed. Thus, a harness with a secure buckle system is a must to prevent any possible escape attempts. However, it is an essential part of their overall training and care. For this process to be as smooth as possible, there are a few tips that you can follow: 1. Gradual introduction Some French Bulldogs might find harnesses scary and may not want to have anything to do with them. If your Frenchie is one such dog, you can help them get comfortable by slowly introducing them to the harness. Allow them to sniff and inspect the harness before putting it on them. Positive reinforcement Positive reinforcement is one of the most effective tools to teach French Bulldogs acceptable behaviors. Be sure to reward your Frenchie with treats, praise, and attention when they show interest or interact with the harness. Gradually work towards putting the harness on them and reward them for wearing it without fuss. Patience and persistence Your Frenchie may not be excited about wearing a harness and could even throw a fit. However, this should not make you frustrated or cause you to give up on their training. Instead, take small steps each day and continue to reinforce positive behavior. This is important because if your dog experiences pain whenever they wear it, they would naturally resist wearing harnesses. You must also inspect the harness for damages and replace it if necessary. Finding the ideal harness for a French Bulldog puppy is slightly different than choosing one for an adult Frenchie. Given their smaller size and growing nature, harnesses for French Bulldog puppies should have some key attributes. First, opt for a harness that has a fully adjustable chest and neck area. This adaptability not only ensures that the harness fits your pup perfectly but also accommodates their rapid growth. Second, a good puppy harness should be lightweight and soft on the skin to avoid any unnecessary discomfort or chafing. For French Bulldog puppies, a harness with a broad chest piece is beneficial. Pin 0 Shares In a previous blog post I explained why I think harnesses are better than collars for Frenchies and included some recommendations on which ones you could buy. Kind of essential huh? Males tend to be bigger than females, some are stockier, some skinnier. No one sizes fits all. So what should you do… What size harness for a French Bulldog puppy? As a general rule of thumb, a small size is best for a puppy, and a medium size is a good fitting harness that works best for an adult Frenchie. You should also measure first though so you get the correct fit. If you can firstly measure your French Bulldog for a harness you will save yourself time and money. The unique shapes of Frenchies means harnesses can either slip off easily or be too tight under their front legs. Get a measuring tape You will find that many French Bulldog harness sizes are based on the weight of your dog. You should then measure the width of the chest where it is at the widest which is usually an inch or two back from the armpits. Make a note of the chest dimensions but add 3 inches on top because you ideally want room for them to grow into the harness size if this is a puppy. Loosely run the tape measure around the neck to get a size in inches or centimeters. Providing your Frenchie stays still, you should be able to measure up for a harness that fits! All you do is hold your French Bulldog and stand on the scales and make a note of your combined weight. Then put your Frenchie down and stand back on the scales to get your weight; the difference between the two being how much your dog weighs. You now know what size harness for a French Bulldog puppy. Most of the harnesses will be sold according to the chest measurement, neck size, and the weight of your dog. Now you have the right size noted down, you could select from either of two I recommend above both are excellent products. Choose a harness with adjustments points to allow for growth and weight gain or weight loss. Make sure the harness is the right size to not be tight around the throat and neck. If you cannot find an exact size harness, always go for the slightly larger one as you can then adjust it back down. What size Ruffwear harness for a French Bulldog? As with any harness, the size you buy will depend on what measurements you record. We bought the small Ruffwear harness for her when she was a year old, and it was a bit loose to start with, but now the perfect size. I love it, and my dog appreciates the extra comfort levels offered. But here are some comments I found from owners on the Julius K9 harnesses. Padded Harnesses Types of French Bulldog Harnesses The market is full of different types of dog harnesses, each with its unique features, benefits, and limitations. Finding french bulldog harnesses can be tricky. Frenchie owners may find it tricky to pick the right harness. Here are some options! However, they might not be the best option for dogs with short snouts or those prone to tracheal issues. No Pull Harness Back Clip Harnesses Back clip harnesses have the ring leash attachment on the back and offer comfortable movement for the dog, reducing the chances of getting tangled. Back Clip French bulldog Harnesses Step In Harness Dual Clip Harnesses These offer the flexibility of both front and back ring leash attachment points, suitable for dogs at different stages of their training. Again, the Ruffwear front range harness is a dual clip harness. Most french bulldog harnesses made these days are dual clip harnesses. They are ideal for dogs that are nervous about things going over their head. Also Ideal for breeds prone to ivdd, focusing pressure more on the chest than the neck. Frenchie Friends Brand Step In Harness Padded Harnesses Padded harnesses provide additional comfort, especially for dogs with short hair or sensitive skin. Again with the Ruffwear! They really do tick all the boxes in terms of quality and features. Ruffwear Front Range Harness Introduction to French Bulldog Harnesses Dog harnesses are an essential item for dog owners worldwide, improving control and safety during walks while reducing the risk of injury to your furry friend. But with a plethora of options available, choosing the right harness can be a challenging task. A great french bulldog harness is necessary for Adult Frenchie to avoid damaging the spine, causing ivdd. Frenchie Brand Dog Harness Factors to Consider when Choosing a French Bulldog Harness Several factors play a crucial role in choosing the perfect french bulldog harness for your canine companion. Reflective strips for visibility can also be a valuable addition. Pros and Cons of Harnesses Front Clip Harnesses These days all french bulldog harnesses have both front and back clips. This feature is particularly beneficial for dogs that tend to pull on the leash. Reduces pulling: When a dog pulls, the front clip will cause them to turn around towards you, discouraging the pulling behavior. Not suitable for short-snouted dog breeds: Dog Breeds such as pugs and french bulldogs can have issues with front clip harnesses as the pressure may be too close to their throat, causing breathing difficulties. Back Clip Harnesses Again, now most french bulldog harnesses have both front and back clips. Easy to clip your French bulldogs into car seats, upping the safety factor Cons: Less control: If your french bulldogs are pullers, a back-clip harness might not be the best option as it provides less control than a front-clip one. Can encourage pulling: Some dogs might feel like pulling more when the leash is attached to their back, triggering their instinct to oppose the pulling pressure. You can attach the leash at the front for training or behavior correction, and at the back when just casually walking. Cons: Complexity: These harnesses can be a bit more complex to fit and adjust correctly. Step-In Harnesses Pros: Easy to wear: Your dog only needs to step into the harness, making it a good choice for dogs that are uncomfortable with harnesses sliding over their head. Cons: Less secure: Some step-in harnesses may not provide the same level of security and may come off more easily than other types. Padded Harnesses Pros: Extra comfort: The additional padding can provide more comfort for dogs, especially those with short hair or sensitive skin. Cons: Heat retention: The extra material might make your french bulldogs warmer, which may not be ideal in hot climates or for breeds prone to overheating. Try a cooling vest in summer when using this style! Remember, every french bulldog is unique, and their comfort is paramount. French Bulldog Harness Material Dog harnesses come in a variety of materials — nylon, polyester, and leather, to name a few. Each material has its own pros and cons. Nylon French Bulldog Harnesses: Durability: Nylon is known for its strength and can withstand rough use. Variety: They come in various colors and designs. Easy to Clean: Most nylon harnesses are machine washable. Cons: Can cause rubbing: In some dogs, particularly those with short hair or sensitive skin, nylon harnesses can cause chafing. Leather Harnesses: Durability: Leather harnesses are robust and long-lasting. Aesthetic appeal: They have a luxurious and classic look. Cons: Cost: Leather harnesses tend to be more expensive. Maintenance: They require regular cleaning and conditioning to keep the leather from drying out and cracking. A harness that is too tight can cause discomfort and restricted movement, while one that is too loose may not provide adequate control and can even be a safety hazard if your dog manages to slip out of it. Pros of a Well-Fitted French Bulldog Harness: Comfort: A well-fitted french bulldog harness ensures that your french bulldogs are comfortable during walks. May irritate skin. Risk of Escaping: A loose french bulldog harness might not provide adequate control, and your french bulldogs could potentially slip out. When buying a harness, look for one with adjustable straps that can be altered to get a perfect fit. Harness Training Tips for Your French Bulldogs Training your new French Bulldog Puppy to use a harness might require some time and patience, but the benefits are worth the effort. Getting your new French bulldog puppy accustomed to a new harness might take some time and patience. Start slow, let your bulldog puppy wear the harness for short periods initially. Reward them for their cooperation with treats and positive reinforcement. Collars are not recommended for regular use until at least 7 months of age. The trachea of the french bulldog puppy is still forming. Improper use of collars and putting pressure on the french bulldogs neck and throat can cause serious damage. However a breakaway collar with a bell is smart, allowing you to hear the puppy, for the puppy to get used to the feeling of a collar, and it still allows you the ability to show a sense of style. Never leave french bulldog puppies unattended with collars and harnesses on. Starting with the French Bulldog Harness: Introduction: Let your french bulldog dog sniff and explore the new harness. Reward their curiosity with treats. Adjustment: Place the harness on your french bulldog without fastening it. Give treats and praise during this process to create positive associations. Short Sessions: Begin with short sessions of having the harness on. Gradually increase the duration as your french bulldog dog gets comfortable. Walks: Start going for short walks. Use treats and praises as reinforcement. Remember, every french bulldog is unique, and what works for one might not work for another. Patience, consistency, and positive reinforcement are the keys to successful harness training. I know of a few companies that do! Red Dingo and Ruffwear. We prefer the over the head harness versus the step in harness. When looking at over the head harnesses, make sure to look for one with adjustable straps. French Bulldog heads can be huge and hard to get over, but once over the head, the harness can be extremely loose. Adjustable straps will make it easy to put on but securable for proper fitting. These can also be adjusted as the new french bulldog puppy grows! You will want to measure your frenchie puppy before going shopping for a puppy harness. You can find these at your local drug store or Walmart. Whether your french bulldog is small, medium, or large, you should use the same methods to measure them. To fit your french bulldog dog for a harness, you need two measurements: the neck and the chest. When measuring the neck, wrap the tape measure just below the narrow part where she normally wears a collar. The correct spot to measure will be right above them. When measuring the chest, take care to fit the tape measure around the widest part. Weight can also be a factor in finding the correct size. In addition to measurements, there are other factors that should also influence your purchase. Some harnesses are styled to fit certain body types better than others. The Ruffwear Front Range Harness is a great option for french bulldogs of all ages. Our lb french bulldogs fit in XS, lb french bulldogs fit in Small, and french bulldog pups easily fit in xxs. These french bulldog harnesses are all machine washable. The Red Dingo and Ruffwear have adjustment points, front clip, and padding. These two are my favorite. The Gooby harness is a mesh harness with an adjustable belly strap. This one is great for tiny french bulldog puppies. Kitten Collars Bells are helpful so you can hear your new french bulldog puppy beneath your feet. They come with bells and break away if the puppy should become stuck or strangled. If you are purchasing a new collar because your dog has out-grown its current collar, simply select the next size up from your measurement findings. Measure twice, buy once. But not every home has a soft tape measure. Or just take your string with you to the store! Add 1 — 2 inches to the initial measurement to give extra breathing room and comfort if the dog grows or gains weight. There are a bunch of companies that make fashionable Bulldog specific products. Check out Etsy and Facebook! Conclusion Selecting the right type of harness for your dog is crucial for their comfort, safety, and your peace of mind. As Frenchie owners, you can now feel confident during your shopping experience! FAQs How do I know the right size of the harness for my dog? Can a harness stop my dog from pulling? Training is the most effective way to stop pulling. Can my new french bulldog puppy wear a harness? Yes, but ensure it is the correct size and is adjusted properly to not impede their growth. Is a harness better than a collar? A harness provides better control and evenly distributes pressure, reducing the risk of injury. However, some well-behaved dogs may be comfortable with a collar. Pet parents often have a hard time picking out a new french bulldog puppy harness and collar for their puppy. Dont forget to subscribe and follow on socials! Advanced technology for secure fit Made from high-quality, durable material Easy to put on and take off Comfortable design does not restrict movement Reflective strips for visibility in low light Comes with a handle for additional control Customizable name plate area 4. It features a unique triangular structure and is made from high-density oxford fabric. The harness is equipped with 2 metal leash rings and a chest attachment clip to prevent your dog from pulling. It also has 3 snap buckles, making it easy to put on and take off. The harness also features 4 easy adjusting straps around the body and reflective material for safety during night walks. Best No Pull Frenchie Harness Robust and adjustable design Made from high-density oxford fabric Features 2 metal leash rings and a chest attachment clip Easy to put on and take off with 3 snap buckles Comes with 4 easy adjusting straps Reflective material for night safety Unique triangular structure for comfort and safety Soft Padded Handle for ease of handling Check Price on Amazon The Voyager Step-in Air Dog Harness by Best Pet Supplies is a lightweight, all-weather harness perfect for walks all year round. It is made with a soft, breathable air mesh and features reflective bands for enhanced visibility during early morning and late evening strolls. The harness is designed with three safety features: a hook and loop fastener, buckle, and double D-rings, providing three layers of security for your pet. It is easy to put on and take off, making it perfect for everyday use.

Rated 5 out of 5 stars By Dlfly on Jul 19, Great puppy food Started our golden puppy on a name brand puppy food that he was on from the breeder. Puppy within a couple of weeks started having loose stools to explosive diarrhea when we brought him home. After visit to vets and antibiotics vet recommended we switched to this food slowly with a bland diet. Doing fabulous on this food and he is growing appropriately. Kibbles are a great size. Using the food also as training treats. Chewy was awesome to work with to get his previous full bag of food donated to a no kill shelter. Only food we recommend to our buyers and also to others. They love this kibble so much, they are growing big and strong. As a dog family, we are very Impressed with Royal Canin as a brand; their older sister is on a Prescription Diet with Royal Canin as well so we have switched all of our food over to them. Cannot recommend them enough! I have always fed our Dogs Royal Canin and they did great. Had a German Shepherd that lived to almost 15 years old which I attribute to good food, exercise and love. Our puppy is thriving now. She eats every single feeding, no more diarrhea and she is growing well. My puppy loves it and prefers it over the Purina Pro Plan puppy lamb that his breeder started him on, I've been making the transition and he really likes it. Royal Canin always smells fresh and like real food when you open the bag! A good sign! I have a new puppy and she was having soft stools on the food the breeder was using. I switched her to this and fixed the problem. It took me forever to pick a food, but happy I picked this one. I use it for training treats also. How could I not give this puppy food 5 stars? Breeder started our puppy on this food and then gave us the other option of Purina Pro Plan. My thought was to gradually switch to the Purina based on the cost difference. I tried but even with mixing half and half, we had diarrhea all over in a puppy that was already housebroken. I donated the huge bag of Purina and switched back to Royal Canin and the problem was resolved. Lesson learned and the extra cost is totally worth it. Ingredients Corn, wheat, chicken by-product meal, poultry by-product meal, wheat gluten, natural flavors, powdered cellulose, pork fat, chicken fat, dried plain beet pulp, fish oil, vegetable oil, dried tomato pomace, powdered psyllium seed husk, fructooligosaccharides, sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium sorbate a preservative , L-lysine, vitamins[DL-alpha tocopherol acetate source of vitamin E , niacin supplement, L-ascorbylpolyphosphate source of vitamin C , D-calcium pantothenate, pyridoxine hydrochloride vitamin B6 , thiamine mononitrate vitamin B1 , riboflavin supplement, folic acid, vitamin A acetate, biotin, vitamin B12 supplement, vitamin D3 supplement], choline chloride, taurine, glucosamine hydrochloride, DL-methionine, L-carnitine, borage oil, calcium carbonate, marigold extract Tagetes erecta L. The kibble is designed to reduce the number of calories consumed and to satisfy the appetite by increasing the volume of food. Golden Retrievers are prone to skin irritations such as "hot spots". Additionally, golden Retrievers are at risk for developing an enlarged heart. This diet promotes heart health with taurine, L-carnitine and arginine. Your pup is a quick learner and sharp-minded. Please see the specifications tab for more information. If your dog is suffering some kind of health issue like renal, urinary, gastro, or diabetes, these formulas will address the concerns of those illnesses with a specially tailored recipe. Price is also a factor, as neither of these brands are cheap. When should I feed Royal Canin? Even with conditions such as diabetes and renal disease, you must ask yourself these same questions. Wet or Dry? Wet food is generally better than dry, and the process offers more digestible food for our dogs. Wet food has no abrasiveness, and dry foods are also questionable — dental formulas merely contain additives to fight plaque. Some Australian vets promote Raw Meaty Bones in this respect, and I tend to agree with them completely — the gnawing and chewing action I see as a far more natural way for your dog to retain great dental health which also wards off other disease. Breed specific formulas are an excellent marketing angle for Royal Canin, but make sure you read the ingredients and consider if they sound good for your dog! The 2nd and 3rd ingredients are maize and… more maize. So very likely more maize than poultry protein as the 1st ingredient. The 4th ingredient is wheat flour. If you consider your dog a meat-eater like I do, then this seems a bit odd, does it not? We can consider maize flour and maize the same thing, so a classic case of ingredient splitting. On the subject of wheat, I find this a common cause of skin and health problems in dogs, and a possible precursor to your vet prescribing Royal Canin Anallergenic to address the issues when they arise clever, eh? Or in other words, these small inclusions are how the recipe meets requirements like AAFCO standards and how all that maize and wheat flour is possible. What are the benefits of feeding Royal Canin to your dog? I often hear from people who have visited Mars Petcare production facilities how impressed they are of cleanliness and standards. Consumer feedback in terms of sudden gastro or vomiting is rare on Royal Canin and I have to say seems common on some other Australian brands , but my real concern is the long term health impact on our dogs of feeding so much grain. Generally Royal Canin formulas seem marginally better than Hills, and with both brands the wet foods tend to have significantly more meat compared to the grain-based dry formulas. Where to buy? How do you pronounce Royal Canin? I hear Royal Canin pronounced incorrectly all the time. Many people use the pronunciation Can-in which is incorrect. The correct pronunciation of Canin would be with a French accent given the word is the literal translation of the English word canine. If you want to pronounce Royal Canin in French, simply mimic the audio provided by Google translated — Royal Canin in French press the speaker button. In English or Australian you know you can get away with saying it however you like, but the most correct pronunciation in English is Royal kay-nin. Overall Royal Canin dry dog foods contain a great deal of corn and allergenic grains like wheat. If you wish to go with Royal Canin perhaps at the recommendation of your vet , then opt for the wet over the dry, or at least a mixture of both. Feel free to add any comments or questions below! Ingredients The ingredients of Royal Canin Active Adult dog food at the time of review : Dehydrated poultry protein, maize flour, maize, wheat flour, animal fats, dehydrated pork protein, wheat, hydrolysed animal proteins, beet pulp, fish oil, soya oil, yeasts, minerals, hydrolysed yeast source of manno-oligo-saccharides.